Top 10 Commonly Confused Words in Surgical Pathology

Top 10 Commonly Confused Words in Surgical Pathology 1. Benign vs. Malignant The distinction between benign and malignant is at the core of surgical pathology. Benign refers to a non-cancerous growth, while malignant indicates cancer. While some cases are straightforward, others can be challenging. It's crucial to consider various factors, such as cellular morphology and growth patterns, to make an accurate determination. 2. Sensitivity vs. Specificity These two terms are often used when discussing diagnostic tests. Sensitivity refers to a test's ability to correctly identify those with the condition, while specificity indicates its ability to correctly identify those without the condition. Both measures are important, and striking the right balance is crucial for an effective diagnostic tool. 3. Inflammation vs. Infection While both inflammation and infection involve an immune response, they are not the same. Inflammation is a general response to tissue damage, while infection specifically refers to the invasion of pathogens. Recognizing the signs, such as the presence of microorganisms, is key to distinguishing between the two. 4. Dysplasia vs. Carcinoma in Situ These terms are often used in the context of pre-cancerous lesions. Dysplasia refers to abnormal cellular growth, while carcinoma in situ indicates a localized, non-invasive cancer. While both conditions require close monitoring, the latter carries a higher risk of progression to invasive cancer.