Top 10 Commonly Confused Words in Molecular Biology

Top 10 Commonly Confused Words in Molecular Biology 1. Gene vs. Allele The terms 'gene' and 'allele' are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait, while an allele is a variant of a gene. In simpler terms, a gene is like a recipe, and an allele is a specific version of that recipe. Understanding this difference is crucial for comprehending inheritance patterns and genetic diversity. 2. Codon vs. Anticodon During protein synthesis, the terms 'codon' and 'anticodon' come into play. A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid. On the other hand, an anticodon is a complementary sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA. While codons are found on mRNA, anticodons are found on tRNA. These two elements work together, ensuring that the correct amino acids are incorporated into the growing protein chain. 3. Exon vs. Intron When it comes to gene expression, the terms 'exon' and 'intron' are often encountered. Exons are the coding regions of DNA or RNA, meaning they contain the instructions for protein synthesis.