Top 10 Commonly Confused Words in Theoretical Computer Science

Top 10 Commonly Confused Words in Theoretical Computer Science 1. Algorithm vs. Heuristic While both algorithm and heuristic are problem-solving approaches, they differ in their precision. An algorithm guarantees an optimal solution, whereas a heuristic provides a 'good enough' solution, often with less computational effort. 2. Deterministic vs. Non-deterministic Deterministic systems follow a predictable sequence of states, while non-deterministic systems have multiple possible outcomes. In theoretical computer science, non-determinism is often used to analyze worst-case scenarios. 3. P vs. NP The P and NP problems are fundamental in computer science. P refers to problems that can be solved in polynomial time, while NP refers to those that can be verified in polynomial time. The million-dollar question is whether P = NP, which remains unsolved. 4. Syntax vs. Semantics Syntax deals with the structure and grammar of a programming language, while semantics focuses on the meaning and interpretation of the code. A program can have correct syntax but incorrect semantics, leading to unexpected behavior. 5. Recursion vs. Iteration