Top 10 Commonly Confused Words in Immunopathology

Top 10 Commonly Confused Words in Immunopathology 1. Autoimmunity vs. Allergy Autoimmunity and allergy are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct differences. Autoimmunity refers to the immune system attacking the body's own cells, while allergy is an exaggerated immune response to external substances. So, while both involve the immune system, their mechanisms and targets are different. 2. Sensitivity vs. Specificity Sensitivity and specificity are measures used to evaluate diagnostic tests. Sensitivity refers to a test's ability to correctly identify those with the condition, while specificity measures its ability to correctly identify those without the condition. In essence, sensitivity focuses on minimizing false negatives, while specificity aims to minimize false positives. 3. Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity Innate and adaptive immunity are two arms of the immune system. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense, providing immediate, non-specific protection. Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is a more targeted response, developed over time, and specific to a particular pathogen. Both are crucial for a comprehensive immune response. 4. Pathogen vs. Antigen Pathogen and antigen are often used interchangeably, but they have different meanings. A pathogen is a disease-causing microorganism, such as a virus or bacterium. An antigen, on the other hand, is a molecule that can trigger an immune response, whether it's from a pathogen or a non-infectious substance.