Top 10 Commonly Confused Words in Toxicogenetics

Top 10 Commonly Confused Words in Toxicogenetics 1. Mutation vs. Polymorphism One of the most common confusions in toxicogenetics is between the terms 'mutation' and 'polymorphism'. While both involve changes in DNA, a mutation refers to a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence, often associated with disease. On the other hand, a polymorphism is a variation that is present in a population without any detrimental effects. 2. Genotype vs. Phenotype Understanding the difference between 'genotype' and 'phenotype' is crucial. The genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, while the phenotype is the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction between the genotype and the environment. 3. Toxicity vs. Tolerance Toxicity and tolerance are two terms often used when discussing the effects of substances on organisms. Toxicity refers to the harmful effects of a substance, while tolerance is the ability of an organism to withstand or adapt to the substance without adverse effects. 4. Teratogen vs. Mutagen When studying the effects of substances on development, it's important to differentiate between 'teratogen' and 'mutagen'. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects, while a mutagen is a substance that can induce changes in DNA, potentially leading to mutations. 5. Pharmacokinetics vs. Pharmacodynamics