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gut health has gained a lot of interest
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over the last few years and rightly so
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considering there has been a lot of
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evidence that has shown that the health
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of our gut can massively impact our
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overall health and well-being my name is
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Elle specialist dietitian and today
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we're going to look at how the health of
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our gut is linked to the health of
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almost every other part of our body
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we'll look at the potential benefits of
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probiotics too which have also received
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a lot of attention in recent years so
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your gut is more than just your stomach
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the term gut actually refers to our
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digestive system which is the tube
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inside of us that starts at our mouth
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and ends well at your bum our digestive
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system is obviously responsible for
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digestion but with it being nicknamed
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the second brain there is a lot more
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that it does than just digest food ever
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felt butterflies in your stomach or had
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a gut feeling about something or noticed
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that feeling nervous can make you feel
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nauseous the gut and the brain are
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physically connected by millions of
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nerves and are constantly communicating
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meaning that how you feel mentally may
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affect how you feel physically and vice
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versa we refer to this as the gut brain
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axis this gut brain access is taught to
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play a role in gut symptoms and even
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digestive disorders like IBS it is well
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known that Stress and Anxiety can
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exacerbate IBS and some other digestive
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symptoms the evidence in this area is
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quite strong and mindfulness and Stress
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Management is often encouraged for those
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with IBS alongside dietary changes that
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maybe help full the gut is commonly
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referred to as our second brain due to
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this close connection but it doesn't
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stop there links have been well
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established between our gut and our skin
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our metabolic and hormonal health and
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our immunity too the gut microbiota play
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an important role in these connections
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what's the gut microbiota I hear you ask
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the gut microbiota or GM refers to the
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collection of microorganisms that we
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have in our guts the types of bacteria
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that we have in our gut are influenced
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by genetics and our environments but
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also by the foods that we eat and
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Lifestyles we live every different
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species of probiotics in our guts
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provide us with different benefits and
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the more diverse our gut microbiome is
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so that collection of probiotics we have
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the more benefits we get and this is
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where probiotics come in literally
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translated as for Life probiotics are
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defined as live organisms which when
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administered in adequate amines provide
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the host AKA human taking them with
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benefits so what are these benefits
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immunity aside from the millions of
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nerves within the lining of the gut
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there are also specialist immune cells
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and as the name suggests these play a
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role in our immunity and it is thought
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that up to 80 percent of our immunity
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lies within our gut due to these immune
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cells but also due to the role of the GM
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probiotics can enhance this function too
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as probiotics pass through the body they
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attach to the lining of the intestine
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and this attachment is thought to
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prevent pathogenic bacteria or bad
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bacteria that cause an illness from
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attaching itself and therefore infecting
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us specifically lactobacillus and
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bifidobacterium probiotic species
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produce different types of acid which
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can lower the pH balance within the
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intestine which inhibits the growth of
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pathogenic bacteria there is a lot of
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research that indicates that altering
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the GM by the use of probiotics or
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dietary changes can increase our immune
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resistance especially in terms of the
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common cold or flu a large-scale review
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of the literature available in 2015
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found that probiotics could reduce the
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likelihood of getting an upper
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respiratory tract infection by 47 as
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well as reducing the duration of the
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illness if it was contracted when
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compared to those not taking a probiotic
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supplement immunity is one of the main
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functions of the GM but evidence has
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also suggested that the composition of
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the GM may be associated with an
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individual's weight too it has been
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established that there are two bacteria
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dominant in the gut bacteria deeps and
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thermicutes diets rich in processed
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foods that are high in fat and sugar are
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associated with an increase in the
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relative abundance of firmicutes and the
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ratio of these bacteria have been
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correlated to an individual's weight
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with lower concentrations of bacteria
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dates and a higher proportion of
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thermicutes observed in individuals who
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are of a higher body weight it has been
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suggested that this imbalance of
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bacteria in the gas can alter the amount
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of calories and nutrients extracted from
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Foods consumed which could impact body
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weight so with evidence suggesting that
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the composition of the GM may be
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associated with an individual's weight
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Studies have investigated the
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implications of altering the GM through
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the use of probiotics on an individual's
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weight one specific study Illustrated
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that a strain of probiotic known as
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bifidobacterium brevae B3 enhanced
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weight loss in both mice and humans
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individuals who took two capsules of
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this supplement per day had a
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significant decrease in body fat Mass
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which was the opposite to what was
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observed in the placebo group
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interestingly nutrition and energy
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intake did not differ between these
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groups and dietary changes were not
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suggested to be part of the trial which
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suggests that bifidobacteria and brevae
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B3 may have the ability to induce
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reductions in body fat without calorie
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restriction however it was disclosed
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that the physical activity of
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participants was not monitored which may
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have influenced these results there is
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also evidence that suggests that
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probiotics may have a preventative
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effect on weight gain too the most
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widely investigated probiotics and ones
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for which health benefits have been
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established are within the lactobacillus
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and bifidobacterium species which are
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commonly added to yogurt and fermented
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Studies have Associated yogurt-rich
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diets with lower quantities of weight
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gain over long-term periods as well as
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with a reduced risk of metabolic related
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diseases there's also a lot of research
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into how probiotics may be able to
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support mental well-being with some
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studies finding that probiotics may be
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able to boost mood and cognitive
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function as well as lower Stress and
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Anxiety a study published earlier this
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year investigated the impact of
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probiotic supplements in a group of 70
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individuals who struggled with symptoms
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such as low mood tiredness lack of
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pleasure and or sadness the participants
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were randomly divided into two groups
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with one group receiving the probiotic
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containing 14 strains and the other
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receiving a placebo 50 of the
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individuals in the probiotic group
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reported an improvement in mood and
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concentration at the end of the
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four-week trial only 20 of the placebo
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group had an improvement in symptoms
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highlighting that the probiotic had a
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positive impact on mood in comparison to
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the placebo the researchers also looked
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at the levels of stress hormone cortisol
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in each participant at the start of the
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study and following the trial
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interestingly there was a significant
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reduction in cortisol levels in those
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who receive the probiotics and no change
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was observed in the placebo group
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another study published in 2020 reviewed
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studies published between 2003 and 2019
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and looked at the potential benefits of
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probiotics in adults with anxiety and or
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depression all of the studies concluded
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that probiotics may be able to reduce
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depression every study showed a
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significant Improvement in anxiety
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symptoms and or depression however none
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of these studies lasted very long and
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they all had very small sample sizes
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there was also a few different probiotic
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strains investigated and so a lot more
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research is needed to confirm exactly
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what the best dosages and combinations
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of strains may be able to support these
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improvements regardless of probiotics we
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know that a healthy gut can certainly
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help you have a healthy head so eating
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plenty of different plants and getting
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enough fiber can help to keep the GM
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happy finally and probably
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unsurprisingly probiotics can be helpful
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for digestion and other their gut
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related symptoms probiotics have been
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shown to help reduce bloating
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constipation and diarrhea in some
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individuals however the research is
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actually quite mixed and it is
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impossible to draw a definitive
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conclusion now do you actually need a
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probiotic supplement probiotics are
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often added to yogurts and fermented
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foods and drinks like kefir kombucha and
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sauerkraut you can also take them as a
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supplement you don't necessarily need to
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take a probiotic supplement and because
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there are a lot of questions still to be
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answered regarding which probiotics or
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probiotic mixtures are most effective
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and what dosages and durations of
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probiotic treatments are best for
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different outcomes it makes it tricky to
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provide a blanket answer there are some
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cases where probiotics are often
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recommended such as after or during a
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course of antibiotics and this is
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because although antibiotics do Wipe Out
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the bacteria that lead to illness they
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also tend to wipe out the good bacteria
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too so taking a probiotic supplements
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can help to support restoring your GM
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probiotics may also be recommended to
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try if you have IBS but again the
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efficacy of This is highly individual
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and they may not work for everybody for
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most people probiotics appear safe to
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use and so if you want to try them
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they're unlikely to have any negative
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side effects however it is important to
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be aware that probiotics are generally
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considered a food rather than a medicine
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which means that they don't go through
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the same rigorous testing that
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medication does it is also important to
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be mindful that there is sometimes not
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always but sometimes a risk of bias in
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studies as they may be funded by the
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pharmaceutical companies or food
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companies who sell the probiotic always
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do your research and consult your
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medical professional for bespoke advice
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I hope that you now know a bit more
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about our gut and what it does and the
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potential benefits of probiotics if you
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have any questions leave them in the
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comments below and don't forget to like
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And subscribe to the my protein YouTube
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