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hello everyone and welcome to this
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glycolysis glycolysis is a fundamental
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metabolic pathway that occurs in almost
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all living cells it's the process by
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which glucose a six carbon sugar is
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broken down into two molecules of
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pyruvate a three carbon compound let's
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start with glucose this is the starting
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glycolysis glucose is a six carbon sugar
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that is found in various forms such as
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blood sugar and table sugar the first
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step in glycolysis is the conversion of
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glucose to glucose six phosphate this
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reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme
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hexokinase the addition of a phosphate
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group to glucose makes it more reactive
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and prevents it from leaving the cell
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next glucose six phosphate is converted
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to fructose six phosph at by the enzyme
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phosphoglucose isomerase this reaction
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involves the rearrangement of the carbon
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atoms in the molecule fructose 6
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phosphate is then phosphorilated again
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to form fructose 16 piis phosphate this
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reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme
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phosphofructokinase one this is a key
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regulatory step in glycolysis fructose
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16 bisphosphate is then cleaved into 2
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three carbon molecules dihydroxy acetone
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phosphate and glycer aldhy 3 phosphate
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this reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme
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dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be
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converted to glycer aldhy 3 phosphate by
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the enzyme trios phosphate isomerase
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this ensures that all of the carbons
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from glucose end up in the form of
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glycer aldhy 3 phosphate glycer aldhy 3
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phosphate is then oxidized and
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phosphorilated to form 13
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bisphosphoglycerate this reaction is
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catalyzed by the enzyme glycer aldhy 3
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dehydrogenase this is a crucial step in
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glycolysis because it produces nadh a
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high energy electron carrier 13 bis
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phosphoglycerate then transfers its
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phosphate group to ADP to form
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ATP this reaction is catalyzed by by the
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enzyme phosphoglycerate kyes this is the
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first step in glycolysis where ATP is
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produced three phosphoglycerate is then
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converted to two phosphoglycerate by the
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enzyme phosphoglycerate
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mutase this reaction involves the
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shifting of the phosphate group from the
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third carbon to the second carbon two
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phosphoglycerate is then dehydrated to
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form phospho enol pyruvate by the enzyme
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this reaction involves the removal of a
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water molecule finally phospho enol
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pyruvate transfers its phosphate group
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to ADP to form ATP this reaction is
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catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kyes
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this is the second step in glycolysis
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where ATP is produced The End products
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of glycolisis are two molecules of
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pyruvate two molecules of ATP and two
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molecules of of nadh and that concludes
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our exploration of glycolysis we've
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covered the fundamental steps involved
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in this crucial metabolic pathway from
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the initial breakdown of glucose to the
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generation of pyruvate ATP and nadh for
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those who want to delve deeper head over
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to our website biology notes
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online.com there you'll find detailed
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study notes challenging mcqs and
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Interactive flash cards to solidify your
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understanding of glycolysis we even have
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a library of free ebooks packed with
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fascinating information on various
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biological processes so whether you're a
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seasoned biology student or just
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starting your journey biology notes
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online.com is your One-Stop shop for
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mastering cellular processes like
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glycolysis thank you for joining us
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today and happy studying for
