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If you have ever stood in an auto parts
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aisle holding two bottles of oil, one
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says 5W30, one says 5W40, and genuinely
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had no idea which one was right for your
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engine, you are not alone. Most drivers
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pick based on price, brand, or what the
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last person at the shop used. Almost
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none of them know what the numbers
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actually mean inside the engine, and
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almost none of them know [music] the one
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thing that matters far more than the
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number on the front of the bottle. Here
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is what almost nobody explains clearly.
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The number on the label is not a
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verdict. It is a window. And two oils
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wearing the exact same number on their
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label can behave completely differently
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inside your engine under the conditions
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that actually matter. High temperature,
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high pressure, a bearing running at full
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load. By the end of this video, you will
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know exactly what those numbers mean,
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which grade belongs in your specific
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engine, what happens when you use the
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wrong one, and the one [music] check
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that tells you more about how well an
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oil actually protects your engine than
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anything printed on the front of the
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bottle. What the numbers actually mean,
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every motor oil bottle sold in the
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United States carries a viscosity grade
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set by the Society [music] of Automotive
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Engineers. The number looks like this.
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5W30 or 5W40 or 0W20. The W stands for
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winter. The number before the W tells
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you how the oil flows at cold
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temperatures. Both 5W30
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and 5W40 [music] carry the same 5W
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rating, which means they flow
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identically at [music] cold start. On a
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freezing morning before your engine has
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warmed up, both oils behave the same
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[music] way. Neither one has an
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advantage over the other at startup. The
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number after the W, 30 or 40, tells you
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how thick the oil stays when the engine
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is fully warmed up and running at
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operating temperature. Think of it this
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way. Imagine honey at room temperature
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versus honey straight out of the
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refrigerator. Cold honey barely pours.
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Warm honey flows easily. Oil works on a
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similar principle, except the goal is to
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stay thick enough to maintain a
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protective film between moving metal
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surfaces even when the engine is hot. A
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30W weightight oil is thinner at
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operating temperature. A 40 weightight
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oil is thicker. That difference is the
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entire debate. [music] But here is where
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most explanation stop and where the real
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story actually begins. The number that
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matters more than the label. The grade
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number on the front of the bottle is
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what engineers call a floor, a minimum
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threshold, [music] not a target. What
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that means in plain terms, two oils can
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both carry the exact same 5W30 label,
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sit on the same shelf in the same store,
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and be formulated [music] to completely
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different levels of actual protection.
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Here is the number that actually
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matters. [music] It is called HTTHS
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and it measures how thick the oil stays
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when the [music] engine is fully hot and
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under real load, not at idle, not
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warming up under the kind of stress your
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engine sees at highway speed, [music]
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climbing a hill on a hot afternoon. The
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technical floor for a 5W40 is higher
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than for a 5W30. But here's the part
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most people never find out. Two oils
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with the exact same label number can be
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formulated to very different levels of
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actual protection. The label is where
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the conversation starts. The OEM
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approval code, which we will get to in a
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moment, is where it ends. Which one
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belongs in your engine? The definitive
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answer to the 5W30 versus 5W40 question
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is in your owner's manual, specifically
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in the section listing OEM approved oil
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specifications. Not just the viscosity
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grade, but the approval [music] code
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that sits alongside it. Here is why that
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matters. When manufacturers like
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Volkswagen, BMW, or MercedesBenz [music]
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specify an oil for their engines, they
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do not just pick a viscosity grade. They
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define a full technical specification. A
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or MercedesBenz 229.5 [music] that an
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oil must meet before it is approved for
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use in that engine. Those specifications
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include film strength requirements,
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additive chemistry, and compatibility
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with emission control systems. They
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exist because the manufacturer has
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tested specific oil parameters against
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their specific engine design. Volkswagen
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Group brands commonly [music]
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approval for turbocharged gasoline
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engines historically paired with both
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5W30 and 5W40 depending on the
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application. BMW's long life 01
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specification covers many gasoline
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engines [music] and accepts both
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viscosities with the specific grade
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depending on the engine variant.
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required by many AMG and turbocharged
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variants specifies 5W40. These are not
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recommendations. They are the
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specifications those engines were
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designed and warrantied to run on for
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most mainstream American vehicles. a
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typical [music] Toyota, Honda, Ford or
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Chevrolet. The manufacturer specifies
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5W30 and in many modern engines 0W20.
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These engines are designed with tighter
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internal tolerances and calibrated to
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deliver fuel economy numbers that
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regulatory testing measures using those
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specific grades. Pattern interrupt. Here
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is something almost nobody realizes,
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[music] and this is where even
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experienced mechanics sometimes get it
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wrong. Most people assume that if they
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use a slightly heavier oil than
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specified, they are being cautious,
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adding a little extra insurance. In
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reality, they are often doing the
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opposite. The engine's oil pump,
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variable valve, timing actuators,
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[music] and bearing clearances were all
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calibrated around a specific viscosity.
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Going heavier does not add a safety
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margin. In some cases, it removes one.
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The protection [music] is in matching
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the specification, not exceeding it.
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when 5W40 is the [music] right answer.
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There are specific conditions where 5W40
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genuinely makes sense [music] and
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understanding them matters because they
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represent real situations, not just
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marketing. Engines designed for it. If
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your owner's manual and the OEM approval
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list on your oil fill cap specifies
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5W40, [music] run 5W40. That is not a
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debate. hot climates with sustained
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high-speed driving. Under continuous
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high-speed highway driving in hot
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ambient [music] temperatures, a thicker
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oil maintains a stronger protective film
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in bearings and turbocharger components.
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This is one of the documented advantages
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of the 40 weightight grade. The film
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holds under conditions where a thinner
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oil's protective margin narrows.
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Turbocharged engines under frequent high
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load conditions. Turbochargers run at
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extremely high temperatures and RPM. The
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oil that flows through the turbo bearing
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is under significant thermal stress for
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engines specifying 5W40. This grades
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thicker hot film is part of how the
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turbocharger is protected over the long
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term. High mileage engines with wider
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internal clearances as an engine
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accumulates mileage. Internal tolerances
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between moving components can widen
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slightly. [music] A thicker oil can help
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maintain film pressure in those wider
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clearances. This is not a substitute for
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proper maintenance, but it is a
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legitimate consideration for a high
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mileage engine in a vehicle whose manual
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permits a range of viscosities. [music]
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When 5W30 is the right answer for the
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majority of modern gasoline passenger
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vehicles sold in the United States, 5W30
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is the manufacturer specified grade. It
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is thinner at operating temperature,
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which means it circulates more quickly
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through [music] tight engine clearances,
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reaches critical components faster after
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startup, and produces marginally lower
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internal friction. In standardized
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testing, the difference in fuel economy
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between 5W30 and heavier grades is
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measurable, [music] typically in the
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range of 1 to 2%, which is meaningful
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when accumulated across the life of the
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vehicle, but not dramatic on a
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tank-to-tank basis. for daily driving in
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normal temperature ranges with a modern
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engine designed for this grade. 5W30
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provides the protection that engine was
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designed around. The engine was built
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for this [music] grade. That is the
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right answer for these vehicles. Not
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because it is cheaper or easier to find,
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but because it is what the engineering
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requires. The myth that costs people
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money. Here is the most persistent wrong
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assumption in this entire conversation.
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That thicker oil always means better
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protection. It does not. Running a
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heavier grade than your engine specifies
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does not add a safety margin. It adds
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drag. Oil that is too thick for the
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engine's design takes longer to
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circulate on startup, which is when the
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majority of engine wear occurs. It
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creates more resistance in the oil
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[music] pump, which is more work for the
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engine to perform with no protective
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benefit. In modern engines with variable
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valve timing systems that use oil
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pressure as their hydraulic fluid, using
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a grade heavier than specified can
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affect how precisely [music] those
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systems respond. The right oil is the
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grade and specification your engine was
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designed for, not heavier, not lighter,
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the one that matches the engineering.
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When it does not work, if you are
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experiencing oil consumption, [music]
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your engine is burning oil. Switching
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from 5W30 to 5W40 may temporarily reduce
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the consumption. [music] The thicker
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film can help seal minor wear in ring
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lands and [music] valve stem seals. It
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will not fix the underlying problem. And
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if the engine specifies 5W30, it does
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not address the root [music] cause. If
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your engine is consuming oil at a rate
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that concerns you, the right step is a
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diagnosis, [music] not a grade change.
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If you have already been running the
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wrong grade for an extended period,
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switching to the correct grade is always
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the right move. There is no documented
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[music] engine damage from switching
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back to specification correct oil. Here
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is what to take away from this. Both
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5W30 and 5W40 share the same cold
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weather behavior. The difference is at
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operating temperature where the 40
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weight stays thicker, providing a
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stronger film under high heat and load.
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The number on the label is a floor, not
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a verdict. Two oils with the same grade
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number can be formulated to meaningfully
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different levels of protection. The
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approval code from your manufacturer,
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not just [music] the viscosity grade, is
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what tells you the oil meets the
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specification your engine was designed
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for. Volkswagen, Audi, Porsche, [music]
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BMW, and Mercedes-Benz. Turbocharged
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engines commonly specify 5W40 with
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OEM approval codes. Most American
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mainstream gasoline engines specify
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5W30. Your owner's manual has the answer
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for your specific vehicle. The oil fill
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cap often does, too. The one thing that
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matters more than either [music] number
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match the OEM approval your engine
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specifies, and both the viscosity and
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the chemistry take care of themselves.
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If this video stopped you from buying
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the wrong oil, even once, it has already
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paid for itself. The wrong grade in the
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wrong engine over enough miles is not a
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small mistake. Now you know how to avoid
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it. That is worth a [music] like. And if
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you want this kind of breakdown every
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week, no guessing, no generic advice,
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just the specification that actually
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applies to your engine, subscribe to
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your motor care. Drop a comment with
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this. What does your owner's manual
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specify? And what has the shop actually
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been putting in? Because those two
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numbers are rarely the same. And that
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gap is exactly where engines pay the