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Python match case Tutorial | How to make your code way shorter and smarter #pybeginners
Jul 21, 2025
In this video, learn how to simplify complex decision-making in Python using the switch case in python feature! This modern approach, also known as the Python match statement, allows for cleaner and more readable code compared to nested if-else statements in Python. Discover how Python programming embraces pattern matching for enhanced code structure and logic.
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0:00
Hey guys, welcome back to another
0:02
interesting video. So it is all about if
0:05
you have tired of those long if l if and
0:09
else they just keep growing and growing
0:11
like seriously where does it end? If
0:14
you're in that kind of notion then
0:15
you're going to love what we are going
0:17
to talk about today. It's all about the
0:19
match case statement and it's Python
0:22
modern way of doing pattern matching.
0:24
Like think of it as Python's version of
0:27
switch case but a smarter. So let's dive
0:30
into what is it, how it works, and how
0:33
you can use it in your own projects to
0:35
write cleaner and cooler code.
0:44
So it's all about match case in
0:48
Python.
0:52
Okay. So what is match case?
0:56
It was introduced in Python 3.10
0:59
version. So if you're using an older
1:01
version, just update it. Okay. Think of
1:04
match case like a decision maker. It
1:06
looks at a value and matches it against
1:09
different patterns. If it finds a match,
1:12
it runs the code inside that block.
1:15
Sounds a bit like if, l if, and else,
1:18
right? But wait, it's more powerful. It
1:21
can match complex patterns like it could
1:23
be list, dictionaries and even class
1:25
instances. It's like pattern matching
1:27
with superpowers.
1:31
Okay, let's start simple and you can
1:33
check this out here or we can even do
1:36
this. I want you to type the code with
1:39
me so that you will learn practically
1:42
rather than theoretically.
1:45
So that is the reason.
1:48
So type with me. So just create this
1:51
function
1:54
and start with match and then case
1:59
and then if the case is 10 then print
2:05
it's 10.
2:14
It's the case 20
2:18
and
2:21
it's
2:29
it's 20.
2:32
And if the case is
2:35
something
2:45
It's neither
2:48
10
2:51
nor 20.
2:54
Yep. So here's the function. It is
2:56
actually checking the value of x. So if
2:59
the x is 10, then it's 10. That's the
3:02
output. If x is 20, then it'll be 20. If
3:06
nothing else matched, it will just do
3:07
this. like it will say it's neither 20
3:10
nor neither 10 nor 20. So here the
3:13
function this is what it's going on. If
3:16
you want I will call this function
3:20
by check
3:22
number
3:24
and give value 10 here or 20.
3:28
Let's try 10.
3:35
See it's 10. It's showing the output.
3:37
What if it's 30? It's not 10 and it's
3:40
not 20.
3:43
So then it will show you the output like
3:45
it's neither 10 nor 20. Okay,
3:50
it's pretty neat, right? So now if your
3:54
app is like for example if there is an
3:56
application and you want to welcome your
3:59
users and maybe this can help you in
4:02
giving a clean and more readable logic
4:06
like you don't need 10
4:09
and you just have to give
4:14
def maybe
4:17
and name
4:21
math
4:22
name
4:26
then in case
4:30
maybe that's Anna.
4:38
Hello
4:43
Anna.
4:50
That's John.
4:54
Here you should give Anna.
4:58
And here you should give John.
5:04
You just have to print
5:08
hello
5:11
John.
5:17
And if the case is nothing
5:21
like no name
5:25
print
5:29
hello
5:31
visitor
5:36
and that's it. Now when you call this
5:39
function
5:42
reach
5:49
And you have to give it in strings.
6:00
So it will show you hello Anna. It's
6:02
similar.
6:06
And here it'll be name. Actually my bad.
6:10
I made something wrong. Okay, let's try
6:13
again. And if you give the name Anna,
6:17
it says hello Anna. And when you give
6:21
maybe John,
6:28
you run this.
6:32
It says hello John. And when you give
6:35
maybe lucky
6:41
see hello, it's nothing.
6:44
That's right.
6:48
So if your app is welcoming users then
6:51
this could be a clean readable logic.
6:53
You don't need 10 and then you just have
6:55
to give if name equal to X and you have
6:59
to write all those lines and you don't
7:01
have to do that anymore. It's clean.
7:02
It's Zen.
7:06
So this is what we are talking about.
7:07
And now let's talk about the conditions
7:10
using our operator.
7:13
So for this all you have to do is
7:21
create function or check number.
7:26
I want you to do this with me because
7:28
when you do then only you will remember
7:29
what you what you did rather than just
7:32
looking at the screen. I hope you're
7:34
doing with me. So match number and then
7:38
if the case is it could be either 10 or
7:41
it could be 20 or it could be 30
7:45
whatever the number it have to print
7:58
value.
8:00
I want you to use f strings as well and
8:03
we have already made how to use f
8:05
strings and how to represent strings
8:08
using frings.
8:11
So value 10 recognized or value 20
8:14
recognized value 30 recognized.
8:18
Okay.
8:21
And if there's nothing
8:27
in
8:30
unknown value
8:36
and now when you call this so here we
8:40
are using or operator so this is the
8:42
pipe symbol that we use for or operator
8:45
it'll be right besides the brackets I
8:48
could say maybe above the enter button.
8:51
So you just have to shift and press that
8:53
button and then you'll get this or
8:55
operator.
8:57
So see this pipe symbol. This is like
8:59
saying if number or if it is 10 or 20 or
9:05
30. It's like grouping multiple values
9:08
together. It's really very useful when
9:11
you have multiple conditions and if you
9:13
want any one of those conditions should
9:16
be positive. So at the time this will be
9:18
the best operator to use when you're
9:20
checking the conditions. Run this
9:22
function. So check number and what if 10
9:27
then it will print
9:30
value 10 recognized.
9:33
And when you give 50 which is none of
9:36
them so
9:40
unknown value.
9:43
So this is how we'll use our operator
9:45
with the match case. And now
9:50
we can also in fact add conditions with
9:54
if as well like
9:58
like if you see here so we can do this.
10:01
Okay let's just
10:07
so dev
10:09
or you can just copy paste instead of
10:12
typing.
10:14
And here you're going to check check
10:18
even
10:21
and match number and if the case is then
10:25
and here in just give if
10:31
number
10:32
mod two if number is divided by two and
10:37
when you get the remainder zero then
10:40
that at that time we'll say the number
10:42
is even. So if the number is divisible
10:44
by two then we will say it's even. So
10:46
that's what we are checking here. So we
10:49
are checking if number mod 2 equal to
10:52
zero and you can just print the answer
10:55
as
10:58
10 is even.
11:03
Okay. And if you just want to keep case
11:06
10 then here it will print
11:13
10 is not even
11:19
that's
11:21
impossible.
11:31
And then if there's none of it
11:35
empty, print
11:40
another number.
11:50
So you can add if condition inside a
11:53
case. Yeah, we can do that. It makes so
11:55
much more expressive and you can check
11:57
the values and add custom logic inside
12:00
it. Like for example, if we run this
12:08
check
12:11
even
12:16
when you run this,
12:20
see 10 is even
12:25
or when you give any other number it
12:28
will Say
12:30
this one another
12:35
let's try with matching lists and tpples
12:44
def we are creating the function and let
12:47
me just clear this out
12:50
process data and we are sending the data
12:53
as parameters
12:55
and here match data
12:59
case.
13:02
Let's create two parameters
13:05
X and Y
13:10
print.
13:13
So here we are actually created we gave
13:16
the list to the case and you just have
13:18
to give
13:21
list with
13:24
two elements
13:36
X
13:38
comma
13:47
And you can do the same thing
13:54
X Y and Z.
13:59
Just add one more.
14:10
There's nothing print
14:17
invalid format.
14:27
So now when you give
14:30
process
14:32
data
14:34
and when you give X and Y
14:45
Maybe two and three.
14:55
So list with two elements two and three
14:57
that's what it will give. Like for
14:59
example when you give four or six or
15:02
eight
15:10
then it will show invalid format.
15:15
See,
15:24
so now let's see for dictionaries. So
15:28
all you have to do is div describe
15:33
person
15:36
You just have to give person here
15:42
and all you have to do is match person
15:48
and case
15:50
we are create we are giving a
15:52
dictionary.
15:54
So name will be
15:57
so this is a dictionary. So name will be
16:00
the key and this name will be the value
16:04
and then age will be the key and this
16:08
age will be the value
16:14
and then you just have to print
16:18
f strings
16:20
name
16:23
is
16:27
age
16:31
here's old
16:40
case
16:45
name
16:55
And
17:07
just this have to give f
17:12
is um no
17:21
there's nothing
17:24
change
17:28
in page data.
17:33
So here you basically created a person.
17:37
So you're trying to get the data from
17:40
the person's data. It could be name and
17:41
age according to this case. And you're
17:44
checking if you have name and age then
17:48
you're printing that that person is this
17:51
much years old. And if you just have the
17:53
name then you're just you know saying
17:56
that that person's age is unknown. And
17:58
if you don't have name and age and if
18:00
you're just calling just by giving any
18:03
random data then it will say invalid
18:06
incomplete data
18:09
like for example describe person when
18:11
you call this man and you want name to
18:14
be lucky
18:18
and age may be 21.
18:22
name
18:25
lucky name is the key and value is lucky
18:30
and age
18:33
21.
18:35
So this will be the key. So when you
18:38
just give this and run so it will show
18:43
lucky is 21 years old and when you just
18:46
give name and no age.
18:54
So Ly's age is unknown. So that is what
18:57
it will give you.
19:00
So Python checks keys and even extracts
19:03
values just for you. And you don't need
19:05
to write if name in person. You don't
19:08
have to write all the syntax. Just
19:10
works.
19:13
Now let's try with matching class
19:17
objects.
19:22
So
19:27
So here all you have to do is just
19:29
create class
19:31
and shape.
19:35
And we'll just try to pass for now. And
19:39
we'll just create one more class circle.
19:44
And we'll use this shape here.
19:49
And let's initialize it. So def in it.
19:56
And we don't need this.
20:04
So def in it self
20:07
let's skip radius.
20:26
Now let's try class.
20:29
Let's create rectangle
20:33
and we will use that shape
20:39
again the
20:41
content
20:49
and for rectangle gra width and height.
20:52
H
21:00
dot width
21:07
equal to width
21:17
self dot height H
21:23
equal to height
21:33
actually we use it when we are writing
21:35
multiple lines in the one in the single
21:38
line multiple lines of code in a single
21:40
line and we don't need it here. So I
21:43
thought of writing everything in one
21:44
line but it's okay. Let's make it simple
21:46
even for you to understand what's going
21:49
on here.
21:52
Okay. Now let's create a function
21:56
describe shape
22:00
and we'll give shape
22:05
match shape
22:11
is
22:13
circle
22:18
radius S
22:23
equal to R
22:30
and print
22:36
circle with radius
22:43
R.
22:50
is
22:52
rectangle
22:55
width
22:58
equal to W
23:01
comma height
23:04
= H
23:14
rectangle
23:23
width
23:25
into height.
23:33
And when there's nothing,
23:37
print
23:41
unknown stream.
23:49
So now this is powerful. You can match
23:54
class types and pull out attributes all
23:57
in one go. Imagine
24:00
using this in a game or maybe a GUI
24:03
application or when processing API
24:05
responses. It's super handy.
24:08
So what we actually did is we created a
24:12
basic class base class which is shape
24:15
and we created circle and we used this
24:18
shape here and for circle all we need is
24:21
radius. So we just give radius here and
24:24
for rectangle we need width and height.
24:27
So we just captured width and height
24:29
here and now we created a function
24:32
called describe shape and if it's circle
24:36
if the if user gives you radius then
24:39
it'll be a circle. So it will print
24:41
circle with radius whatever the
24:43
centimeters that you give and if it's
24:46
rectangle then it will print rectangle
24:48
width into height and then it will
24:51
basically give you unknown shape when
24:53
user gives something else. Let's just
24:57
try.
25:04
So let's create objects and run this
25:06
function. Like for example, circle equal
25:09
to call circle circle class with maybe
25:15
five radius.
25:19
And let's also create rectangle.
25:30
Rectangle
25:33
maybe four and six as parameters
25:39
and unknown
25:42
will be the shape itself.
25:48
And now when you call this describe
25:54
describe shape right
26:00
and we call circle
26:06
describe shape of rectangle
26:10
and describe shape of
26:17
unknown.
26:25
And we have to give this outside of the
26:27
class.
26:40
So now when you run this
26:50
Because here you give class. Let's just
26:53
give R. Let's retry.
26:59
So So here if you check when we have run
27:02
this function. So, so all we did is we
27:06
created a class shape which is the base
27:09
and then we created the circle and we
27:11
have inherited shape here and for circle
27:14
we need radius. I'm just trying to
27:16
explain it once again so it'll be easy
27:18
for you to understand. And then for
27:20
rectangle we need width and height. So
27:22
we have inherited shape again. So we
27:25
created width and height. And then now
27:28
we created a class called describe
27:30
shape. And if it is circle then it will
27:35
print the radius R. If it is rectangle
27:38
then it will print rectangle width into
27:40
height. So now we just created the
27:43
objects for circle with the circle class
27:47
rectangle with rectangle class. For
27:49
rectangle we need width and height. For
27:50
circle we need radius. And unknown is
27:53
just the actual shape itself.
27:56
So when you called this describe shape
27:59
now describe shape will go here and then
28:02
it will go here and it will see that it
28:06
needs circle. So then it will jump here
28:08
and it will check the shape and it is
28:11
circle and then that's how it will print
28:14
the circle with radius something like
28:16
that.
28:18
So this is how everything exactly works
28:22
and save this code and you can also you
28:25
know create a file named shapes py and
28:28
you can just run it and then that's how
28:30
you can do it. So this is why you should
28:33
use match case statements because it is
28:36
really powerful here and you can match
28:38
class types and pull out the attributes
28:40
all in one go and you can also do this
28:43
imagine you can do this using a game and
28:45
you can work on a ji application or when
28:48
processing API responses which is super
28:50
handy I could say. So why you should use
28:53
match case because it has cleaner
28:55
syntax. It is more readable than long if
28:58
chains and it also supports data
29:00
structures like list, dictionaries and
29:03
even classes and it will also helps you
29:05
avoid the bugs when you forget to handle
29:08
a case. So if you see here we have a
29:12
quick FAQs which are frequently asked
29:14
questions. You can just go through there
29:16
and you can also go through this blog
29:18
and it's really handy for you guys to
29:20
even revise and go through the code. I
29:24
will I will also keep this thing in the
29:25
description. All right, that's our crash
29:29
course on match case and Python. If this
29:31
helped clear things up, don't forget to
29:33
like the video, subscribe for more
29:34
Python tips, and comment down below if
29:36
you have used match case before or if
29:38
you're planning to do it now. And I'll
29:41
see you in the next one. Until then,
29:43
keep coding and keep learning. Bye.
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