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0:00
Hey everyone, welcome back to our Python
0:02
journey. Well, this side Raja Lakshmi
0:04
Singum and today we are diving into one
0:06
of the most important topics in
0:07
programming which is loops in Python.
0:10
And by the end of this lesson, you will
0:12
understand how to use for loop and while
0:14
loop and even the special commands which
0:17
is break and continue. And you'll also
0:19
see how operators connect to all of
0:22
this. Don't worry, we'll take it slow
0:25
step by step with examples.
0:31
All right. So this is module five Python
0:35
loops. So think of loops as your
0:37
personal assistance. Like they repeat
0:39
tasks for you until the work is done.
0:42
Now let's start with the most popular
0:45
one, the for loop. So in Python, a for
0:49
loop is used when you want to go through
0:51
a sequence. It could be like a list,
0:53
string or even a range of numbers. So
0:56
here is the general syntax. So it is
0:58
like for
1:00
element
1:02
in sequence.
1:07
So this will be the syntax and here you
1:10
will see a block of code.
1:18
That means Python will take each element
1:20
from the sequence one by one and run the
1:23
block of code for each item. Simple,
1:26
right?
1:28
Let's say we have a list of fruits.
1:33
So fruits
1:36
we have apple
1:48
banana
1:52
orange
1:55
and for
1:57
fruit it could be anything. I'm just
1:59
keeping fruit. You can keep x. You can
2:02
pie.
2:03
So for fruit in fruits
2:08
and now you will just print the fruit
2:20
and that's it. So what happens here? So
2:23
Python takes the first fruit which is
2:26
apple and then prints it. Now again for
2:31
the second round it goes to banana it
2:33
will print. Third round it goes to
2:35
orange and it will print it and it will
2:38
do until the entire list is finished.
2:41
You can give a fruit or it could be
2:44
anything. It's like you're creating a
2:45
variable instantly so that you can store
2:49
one value of the list inside this and
2:52
then at that particular loop it will run
2:55
and then again it changes the value of
2:58
like at first the fruit value is apple
3:01
and now you're storing apple and fruit
3:04
and when you print the fruit you will
3:05
see apple in the first round then the
3:08
fruit moves to banana. So now you see
3:12
banana is stored in fruit and then it
3:14
will print banana next round. Now fruit
3:17
goes to orange. It will print orange as
3:20
the fruit. So this is how it's it could
3:23
be anything. The variable can be
3:24
anything. Even the slash also works for
3:27
this.
3:35
See? So that's the difference. It is
3:38
like you're creating a variable.
3:40
That's it.
3:44
And if you give the fruit and you can
3:45
also check. Easy peasy, right?
3:49
Okay. Now, sometimes we don't want a
3:52
list of words but just a range of
3:55
numbers.
4:00
Like for example for
4:03
number
4:05
in
4:06
range of we have range for this 1 comma
4:11
6
4:14
print number.
4:18
Okay.
4:23
So for number in range of 1a 6
4:27
print number. So this will print numbers
4:30
1 through 6. And notice it stops right
4:33
before 6. So that is how the range works
4:37
in Python.
4:42
1 2 3 4 5 and when it reaches six then
4:46
it will just skip the loop and it'll
4:48
come out of the loop.
4:53
So this is what we use to print the
4:57
numbers using the range function.
5:01
Okay. But what if we want both the index
5:04
and value like for example we want the
5:07
first index zero banana 1 and orange
5:12
three or maybe zero apple one banana and
5:16
two orange something like that. So what
5:19
you can do is in order to get it
5:29
but we have a concept called index. So
5:32
I'm using the same thing. Index is
5:34
something like a keyword that will give
5:36
you index of the item in the list. So
5:40
index come value in the fruits. print
5:46
I'm using a strings again
5:48
index
5:51
index
5:53
comma
5:55
or hyphen value
6:00
and when you run this
6:06
see it is throwing some error like too
6:09
many values to unpack. Do you know the
6:11
reason? That is where we use a concept
6:14
called enumerate function which comes in
6:16
handy. So all you have to do is use
6:18
enumerate
6:22
and you just have to give
6:24
enumerate and you just keep fruits list
6:27
inside it. So that is how the index
6:31
value exactly works. So when you give
6:34
index comma value using the enumerate.
6:37
So now it is showing index zero apple
6:40
that means apple is in zero index banana
6:42
first index or in second index.
6:46
So the output looks like this.
6:50
You get the position and the item at the
6:52
same time. So for that you have to
6:54
remember that we have a concept of
6:56
enumerate which will give you index and
6:58
value of the items inside what inside
7:01
the fruits or whatever the list that you
7:03
want.
7:05
All right, let's spice things up with
7:08
two very useful commands which are break
7:11
and continue which is nothing but
7:17
continue
7:19
will
7:20
skip
7:22
this step any it could be any step any
7:26
line and move on.
7:29
Whereas break
7:35
It means stop the loop completely.
7:46
So continue is nothing but skip this
7:49
step and move on. And break is nothing
7:51
but stop the loop completely. But don't
7:53
worry, I'm going to show you a best
7:55
example for this.
8:00
Like for example for number in range of
8:12
six.
8:14
Actually if you observe this range
8:16
function you're giving the initial value
8:19
and the ending value right. But what if
8:22
you give just one value? So then the
8:24
initial value it will take it as zero
8:26
and the final value will be six. So you
8:30
can even give one value in the range
8:33
function. So for number in range of six
8:40
actually we are writing a program where
8:44
the program skips if it is an even
8:47
number. So number mod 2 =0. So when we
8:51
know that a number is even when it is
8:54
divisible by two and when the output is
8:56
zero. Right? So when the remainder is
8:58
zero that's when we say that the number
9:02
is even. So we want to skip when the
9:05
number is even. So how you will check
9:07
when the number is even? By doing mod 2.
9:10
Mod two will give you the remainder.
9:12
Okay. So if you give division
9:17
then it will give dividend but we want
9:21
the remainder. So for that if the
9:23
remainder is zero then we know that the
9:25
number is even. So we will just
9:29
add continue.
9:31
Okay. And then you will print the
9:34
number. Okay. Let's see. Let's see the
9:36
output and then we'll decide what's
9:38
going on.
9:40
So it's 1 3 5 as the output. Right? So
9:43
if you see here, if we go line by line
9:48
for number in range of six. So at first
9:52
it goes to zero
9:54
and then
9:59
0 mod 2 equal to 0 and then it will
10:02
directly just skip this step. Okay. What
10:04
if the number is 1. So number mod 2 = 0.
10:10
Then this condition is false. So it will
10:13
print directly 1 and then again now the
10:17
number value becomes two. So 2 mod 2 0
10:24
and if this condition is true then
10:27
continue. That means it will skip this
10:29
step. It will skip this step and then
10:33
again now the number value is three 3
10:37
mod 2 0 no then it will skip this entire
10:43
if condition because it is false and
10:45
then directly it will print three and
10:49
now the number value becomes four. Four
10:52
in range of six. Yes, it is still in
10:55
range of six. So if four mod 2 equal to
10:58
0. Yes, it's true. Then it will hit
11:02
continue. That means this this will skip
11:05
this printing the number and then again
11:09
now the n value will be five. Five in
11:11
range of six. Yes, it is in range of
11:14
six. Then if five mod 2 equal to zero,
11:17
it is false. Then it will directly print
11:20
this number as five. And now the number
11:24
value will be six. Six in range of six.
11:27
No, because the range should be less
11:30
than six. So it will just come out of
11:32
the loop. So this is what's happening.
11:35
So this is continue is nothing but it is
11:37
just skipping this entire
11:41
logic when it reaches this condition. So
11:44
when the condition is true, it will skip
11:47
printing the number directly. It will go
11:50
to the for loop and it will change the
11:52
value. It will go to the next step. it
11:54
will skip this entire step because once
11:58
you hit continue it's like you're
12:00
skipping this step and it is going to
12:02
the next step something like that
12:05
okay so we know the continue will skip
12:09
this step and moves to the next one and
12:12
what about the break
12:14
so for break also I'll write one logic
12:16
for
12:19
number in range of 10.
12:29
If number equal to five,
12:34
if number reaches five then then just
12:36
break it.
12:38
Else or you can just print the number
12:42
out of the loop out of the if condition
12:45
not the loop. Okay. So what's happening
12:48
here?
12:51
First the number value is zero.
12:53
Initially the number value is zero. And
12:55
for number in range of 10 is zero in
12:57
range of 10. Yes. So when it is range of
13:01
10 it will check this is true. Now it
13:03
will come if number equal to 5. 0 equal
13:06
to 5. No false. So it will just print
13:10
zero at first. So at first it prints
13:13
zero. Okay. And now the number value is
13:16
1 for one in range of 10. Is one in
13:20
range of 10? Yes. And now 10 equal to 5.
13:25
Is 10= to 5? No. So it will just print
13:28
1.
13:30
Okay. Now the number value is two. Is
13:34
two in range of 10? Yes. Is 2 equal to
13:37
5? No. So then it will just print two.
13:42
Now the number value is three. Is three
13:44
in range of 10? Yes. Is three equal to
13:48
five? No.
13:49
then it will come here and it will print
13:53
three. Okay. Now the number value is
13:56
four. Is four in range of 10? Yes. Is
14:01
four equal to 5? No. Then it will just
14:04
print four. Now listen carefully. Now
14:07
the number value is five. Is five in
14:10
range of 10? Yes. Is five equal to five?
14:14
True. Then it will break. That means it
14:17
will directly come out of it. It will
14:19
not even print the number five.
14:24
If you run this
14:27
and the output is
14:30
see 0
14:33
1 2 3 4. See when it reaches five it
14:37
directly come out of loop. Still we have
14:39
five more steps to do. We can do it till
14:42
10. But because of break it came out of
14:45
the entire loop and it breaked the
14:48
entire loop and just came out and just
14:51
printed the output until then.
14:56
So the moment it reaches five, the loop
14:59
ends. No more numbers after that. So
15:02
this is what for loop.
15:07
I hope I'm clear with continue as well.
15:10
So to recap I could say that so for loop
15:14
help us go through the sequences. Range
15:17
gives us both index and value and also
15:21
we have enumerate function to get the
15:24
index and value for that
15:28
and also continue it will skip the
15:30
entire steps but break it will ends the
15:34
loop early. So loops are like the
15:37
heartbeat of programming. They keep
15:39
things running smoothly.
15:42
All right, my friends. Now, here's a
15:44
little challenge for you. Try writing a
15:46
loop that prints numbers from 1 to 20
15:50
but skips the multiples of three. I'm
15:53
going to attach this in the description
15:55
below as well. So, you can use what you
15:59
just learned with continue. And so, this
16:02
is a small clue that I'm giving to you.
16:05
And if you enjoyed this session, why not
16:07
stick around, hit the subscribe button
16:10
like it's your for loop and repeat it
16:13
until it works and turn on the bell icon
16:15
so you don't miss our next Python
16:17
adventure. Until then, keep practicing,
16:20
keep coding, and remember, every loop
16:22
you write makes you a better programmer.
16:25
See you in the next one.
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