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arterial blood gas or ABG has been a
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crucial diagnostic tool since its
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development in the mid 20th century it
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tells us three key things oxygenation
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ventilation and acidbase balance let's
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break it down step by step first check
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the pH normal is 7.35 to 7.45 here's a
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tip remember 735 to 745 as the safe Zone
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if it's low we're dealing with acidosis
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if it's high it's alkalosis next look at
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CO2 or carbon dioxide normal is 35 to 45
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mm of mercury since CO2 is acidic a high
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value means respiratory acidosis think
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COPD or hyperventilation a low CO2 means
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respiratory alkalosis like in
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hyperventilation here's a trick remember
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Rome respiratory opposite metabolic
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equal if CO2 and pH move in opposite
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directions it's respiratory if they move
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the same way it's metabolic now check
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hc3 or bicarbonate Norm is 22 to 26 mil
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equivalents per liter remember it as 22
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to 26 keep the balance in the mix since
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it's a base low hc3 means metabolic
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acidosis like in kidney failure High h33
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that's metabolic alkalosis often from
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vomiting or diuretics then look at
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compensation if one system is off but
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the other isn't reacting it's
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uncompensated if it's trying but pH is
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still abnormal it's partial compensation
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if pH is back to normal it's fully
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compensated tip use a quick reference
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guide to identify compensation levels
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swiftly finally oxygenation pao2 should
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be 80 to 100 and sao2 above 95% a quick
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method to assess is using a pulse
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oximeter if it's low there's hypoxemia
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put it all together and you've cracked
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ABG interpretation keep practicing and
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soon it'll feel like second nature
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remember every expert was once a
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beginner keep pushing forward and you'll
