Vietnam's $67 bn Mega Railway Project: China vs Japan Battle
Feb 28, 2026
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Vietnam is a country shaped by distance. Stretching more than 1,700 kilometers from north to south, it is one of the longest and narrowest nations in Southeast Asia. At one end lies Hanoi, the political and historical heart of the country. At the other stands Ho Chi Minh City, its economic engine and largest metropolis. Despite this geography, modern rail transport has struggled to keep pace with Vietnam’s rapid development. Today, traveling between these two cities by conventional train takes more than 30 hours. Buses take just as long. Even air travel, while fast, is increasingly strained, with more than 60 daily flights and over 11 million passengers per year, the Hanoi – Ho Chi Minh City air corridor has become one of the busiest domestic flight routes in the world.
For decades, Vietnam has faced the same question: How can a long, linear country move people efficiently, safely, and sustainably? The answer, at least on paper, is one of the most ambitious infrastructure projects in Southeast Asia – the North-South High-Speed Railway.
A project discussed for nearly two decades. A project rejected, redesigned, delayed, and revived. And now, a project officially approved, with construction expected to begin before the end of this year.
This is the story of Vietnam’s high-speed rail vision – its ambitions, its controversies, and the geopolitical competition shaping its future.
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