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developing an effective HIV vaccine has
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been challenging for decades due to hi's
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Rapid mutation rate allowing it to evade
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responses however recent findings from
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MIT researchers suggest a new approach
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could finally make HIV vaccines
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practical and more potent potentially
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transforming the landscape of HIV
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prevention this new study reveals that a
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simplified twood dose vaccine schedule
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can elicit a strong lasting immune
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response offering a major breakthrough
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in the quest for an HIV
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vaccine the problem with traditional
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approaches one reason HIV has been
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difficult to combat with vaccines is the
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virus's unique ability to mutate
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rapidly unlike viruses such as measles
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or polio which remain relatively stable
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and easy to Target with a single vaccine
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hiv's genetic makeup can quickly change
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making it challenging to mount a
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sustained immune response traditional
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vaccines often rely on multiple doses
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spaced out over time to build up the
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body's defenses but this approach isn't
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practical for HIV due to the virus's
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tactics a previous MIT study showed that
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a series of escalating doses of HIV
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vaccines over 2 weeks could increase
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neutralizing antibodies yet this
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protocol was complex and challenging for
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large-scale vaccination
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campaigns the new twod do vaccine
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works in a recent study MIT researchers
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have developed a simplified approach a
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two-d do vaccine given over a short
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interval just one week apart the first
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dose a much smaller priming shot
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prepares the immune system to recognize
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and respond to the virus setting up a
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foundation for the second dose this
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priming dose helps a small number of
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immune cells specifically B cells to
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start producing antibodies against
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HIV when the second larger dose is
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administered a week later it builds upon
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this immune memory leading to a robust
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response the scientists behind this
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breakthrough combined computational
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models with experimental studies in mice
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using an HIV envelope protein as the
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main vaccine component this protein
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structure is designed to closely
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resemble HIV structure allowing the
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immune system to recognize and react to
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it a single dose version of this vaccine
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is currently in clinical trials but the
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researchers are optimistic that the two-
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do approach could be even more effective
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potentially becoming a model for H I
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vaccines in the future mechanism of the
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approach in this study the researchers
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tested different dosing regimens
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comparing 1 two and up to seven doses
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given over 12 days initially the team
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found that while three or more doses
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generated strong antibody responses just
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two doses didn't yield the same
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results however by adjusting the timing
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and ratio of doses they discovered that
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a regimen of 20% of the vaccine given in
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the first dose followed by 80% a week
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later produced a similar immune response
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schedule this discovery marked a major
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step forward as it demonstrated that a
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much simpler twood dose regimen could
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produce strong antibody levels without
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the logistical difficulties of multiple
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doses why two doses work better than one
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the researchers used computational
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models to explore why the two- dose
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effectively when a single large dose of
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the vaccine is administered most of the
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HIV protein anti in the part of the
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virus that triggers an immune response
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is quickly broken down in the body which
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reduces its Effectiveness before it
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reaches lymph nodes in lymph nodes
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immune cells known as B cells are
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activated to Target a specific virus or
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antigen however by using a smaller
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initial dose researchers found that some
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B cells did begin to produce antibodies
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without depleting too much of the
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antigen when the larger second dose
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followed these antibodies helped guide
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the HIV protein directly to the lymph
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nodes where more B cells encountered it
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and ramped up antibody production
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producing a powerful immune
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response the two- Doos schedule also
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triggered a five-fold Improvement in te-
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cell response and a 60-fold increase in
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antibody levels compared to a single
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dose vaccine te- cells another essential
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component of the immune system help
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coordinate immune responses and may
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provide additional layers of
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protection implications Beyond HIV
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potential for other vaccines
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this two- Doos strategy isn't only
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promising for HIV according to lead
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author Dr erup chakra this new
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understanding could also benefit vaccine
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development for other rapidly mutating
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pathogens the approach combines
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principles from Immunology biology and
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computational modeling to understand how
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the immune system can be primed in a way
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that's both efficient and effective
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Dr darl Irvine now at the scripts
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Research Institute adds that many
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Technologies are being developed that
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could potentially deliver this twood do
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sequence in a single shot making it even
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more practical for Mass
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vaccinations next steps in the
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research the researchers are planning to
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test this two-d do approach in non-human
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primates a key step before progressing
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trials they're also exploring the use of
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Advanced Materials to develop a vaccine
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that could release the second dose over
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time which would allow for even greater
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Effectiveness additionally the team aims
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to refine their dosing schedules and
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strategies as well as to explore the
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potential of this approach in other
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HIV by better understanding how the
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immune system can be primed for a rapid
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and strong response they hope to develop
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vaccines that can offer similar benefits
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infections a glimpse into the future of
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prevention with HIV continuing to infect
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over a million people globally every
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year especially in regions with limited
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access to antiviral medications the
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promise of an effective vaccine has
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pressing this two-d do vaccine model
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could not only simplify vaccination
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efforts but could also reduce the number
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of doses required for Effective immunity
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making it a GameChanger for HIV
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prevention if the ongoing trials and
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future research confirm its
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Effectiveness this vaccine could become
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a leading tool in the fight against HIV
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with potential applications for other
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diseases that similarly evade immune
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the simplified two-d do vaccine approach
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represents an Innovative step toward
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practical scalable HIV vaccination
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efforts through a combination of
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Immunology insights computational
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modeling and experimental studies MIT
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researchers have developed a promising
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vaccine strategy that could offer hope
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in the ongoing battle against
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HIV this approach also hints at broader
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possibilities for Designing vaccines
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that are both effective and feasible for
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by making it easier to mount an
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effective immune response this strategy
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could pave the way for new breakthroughs
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in the prevention of not only HIV but
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potentially other challenging viruses in
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future thanks for watching for more
7:14
interesting Health video don't forget to
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