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Linux Tutorial for Beginners, What is Linux, how to install and use Linux | Step-by-Step Guide
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Jan 23, 2025
Hey there, welcome to Linuxtechi! 🌟 Ready to dive into the world of Linux? This beginner-friendly guide covers everything you need to know about Linux: ✅ **What is Linux?** Discover the basics of this powerful, open-source operating system and why it’s popular among developers, system admins, and tech enthusiasts. ✅ **Choosing a Linux Distro:** Explore options like Ubuntu, Fedora, Linux Mint, Debian, and Arch Linux. ✅ **Installing Linux:** Step-by-step tutorial on installing Ubuntu Linux on VirtualBox, including creating a virtual machine and configuring the setup. ✅ **Getting Started with Linux:** Learn basic commands (`pwd`, `ls`, `mkdir`, `cd`), how to edit files, check your network, and manage software updates. ✅ **File System & Permissions:** Understand the Linux file structure and how to manage file permissions like a pro. ✅ **Customizing Linux:** Explore themes, desktop environments, and features that make Linux endlessly customizable.
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[Music]
0:04
hey there welcome back to our Channel
0:07
today we are diving into a beginner
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friendly guide to Linux we will cover
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what Linux is how to install it and
0:14
basics of Linux whether you are new to
0:16
Linux or just curious you are in the
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right place let's dive in so what
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exactly is Linux Linux is a free and
0:25
open source operating system which means
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its source code is freely available for
0:31
anyone to view modify and distribute in
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Layman language we can say that Linux is
0:36
a software that allows your computer's
0:39
hardware and lets you run programs Linux
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was created in 1991 by Linux stws and
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has since grown into a diverse ecosystem
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of distributions each tailored for
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different uses and users Linux is
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popular because it's
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stable secure and super flexible you can
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use it for anything from your laptop to
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servers even on Smart devices plus it's
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free so anyone can download and
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customize it it is backed up by a large
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community for support before installing
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Linux you will need to pick a version
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called distribution or a drro some
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popular options include obuntu perfect
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for beginners Fedora great for
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developers Linux Mint deban Arc Linux
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Reddit Enterprise Linux we call it rhl
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col Linux rocki and am Linux and op Su
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in this tutorial we will use ubu because
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it's easy to use and well supported
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let's get Linux up and running here is
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how to do it first you need to download
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Ubuntu ISO file create a virtual machine
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in Virtual box Mount the downloaded ISO
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file start the virtual machine follow
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the screen instructions finish the OS
1:57
installation and reboot your system
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after the successful installation of
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Ubuntu and then log to your Ubuntu
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system start the browser in Google
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search download UB 2
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ISO click on this first
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link and download desktop uh Edition
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that is Ubuntu 24.4 LTS click on
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download download will start and it will
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take 5 to 10 minutes depending upon your
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internet
2:30
speed once the ISO file is downloaded
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start your virtual
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box create a new virtual machine click
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on machine and then choose new type the
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virtual machine name let's say to
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x to the ISO
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file ch skip unintended installation and
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then click on
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next give the CPUs as two Ram
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as depending upon your resources so I
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have enough resources on my laptop so
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I'm giving it as 4GB to course and then
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click on
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next select the virtual disk as minimum
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20
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GB click
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next click on finish
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choose this virtual machine and then
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click on
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settings go to network choose bridge
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adapter and click okay now start this
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virtual
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machine choose first option try and
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install Ubuntu and hit enter
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choose your prefer language and then
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click
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next click on
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next choose your keyboard
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layout your system is connected to the
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internet then select the first option
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use wide connection else select do not
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connect to the internet click on
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next skip for the time
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being choose the first option install U
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and then click
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next choose first option interactive
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installation and then click
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next choose default
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selection and then hit next if your
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system is connected to the internet and
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you want to install third party
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softwares for graphics and Wi-Fi then
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choose the first option and you want to
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install some additional media formats
4:55
then choose the second option as
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well click next
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so how do you install Ubuntu choose the
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first option erase disk and install
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Ubuntu and click next now specify the
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username for your obuntu Linux in my
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case it is Linux
5:15
techi and the computer name that you
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want to set or the host name that you
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want to set for your ubu
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Linux let's say it's two set the
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password
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and choose this option require my
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password to login and then click
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next select the time
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zone and then click next and click on
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install to proceed with the
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installation as you can see installation
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has been started it may take 5 to 10
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minutes depending upon your system
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resources installation is completed
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click on restart
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now press enter to remove the ISO
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file we'll start our UB LX
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VM choose the user Linux Tey and enter
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the credentials that you have created
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during the
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installation it will take us to the
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following desktop screen
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the screen
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instructions click on next choose skip
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for now and then click next choose no do
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not share the system data and click
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next and then click on
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finish now that you have Linux installed
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let's
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explore on the desktop screen you will
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see application menu from here you can
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search the application and start your uh
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applications like I want to start
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terminal so search here
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terminal and click on the
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icon it will start the terminal for
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you go back to the
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panel in the panel first you will see
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the Firefox web browser if you click on
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the Firefox web browser icon it will
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start the Firefox for
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you below to Firefox you have file
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explorer it's similar to the file
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explorer on window windows or the Mac
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just click on this icon it will take us
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to this window so from here you can
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Travers or you can go to the different
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folders like I would like to go to
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download folder you click on it you will
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be in the downloads folder if you again
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go back to your home directory just
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click on home icon here below to this uh
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file explorer we have App Center app
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just if you click on App Center it will
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start the app App Center for you from
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here you can search your applications
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that you want to install on your Ubunto
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Linux and and you can install it from
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there let's say I want to install Visual
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Studio
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code so in the search bar
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type Visual Studio
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code just click on this Visual Studio
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code
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icon and then click on
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install it will prompt you to enter your
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local user password because your local
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user password has the administrative
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rights to install the softwares on your
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obuntu
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system click on
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authenticate so it will start installing
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the visual studio code on your OBO
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Linux once installed just click on open
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it will start your Visual Studio code
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all right this confirms that we have
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successfully installed Visual Studio
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code using App Center let's close for
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the time
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being okay below to this app center you
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have help center so you will get the
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required ha for your Ubuntu desktop just
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click on the links you will get the
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required
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documentations and Below to this you
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have press it's similar to recycle bin
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that you have on Windows
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desktop all right let's try some simple
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terminal commands let me close this
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window all right so this is my terminal
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let's run the command who am
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I as the name suggests it will give us
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the information about the user which is
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currently logged in in your system so in
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my case I am logged in with Linus te
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user if you want to print the current
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location or present working directory
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you can type the command
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PWD PWD stands for present working
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directory as the output
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shows my current working directory is/
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home/ Linus teing and if I want to list
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the files and the folders inside this
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current working directory for that we
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have a command LS stand for
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list if you type here LS
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it will show the files and the
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directories under this present working
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directory that is SL home/ so under this
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folder I have these folders and
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files all right if you want to see
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whether these are files or folders you
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run the command LS space hyphen
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L it will show the output in Long
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listing format if you see this is the
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permissions uh section the first
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character is d d stands for directory it
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means demo is a directory desktop is a
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directory this empty file it's a file
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type as we have hyphen in front of uh
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the
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permissions another basic command is CD
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CD stands for change directory or just
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to change the folder from one location
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to another location let's say I want to
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to change my current working directory
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to a where temp folder for that I can
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run the command CD space SLV SL
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stamp and if you type here
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PWD you will see your present working
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directory has changed to /w/
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Temp let's create a data folder here in
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order to create a folder in Linux we
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have the command and mkd make directory
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if I type
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mkd and the name of the folder that I
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would like to
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create and if I hit enter it will create
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a data folder or we can say data
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directory inside my present working
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directory which is
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sl/ if you do LS i l here all right now
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I want to create a file inside this data
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folder for that I need to go to this
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folder I need to Travers to this folder
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for that you can use CD command and type
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data if you want to create an empty file
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under this data folder we have the
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command touch
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touch let's say
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skills if you type L here you will see a
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skills file is
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created under where /t/ data
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folder in order to add some content or
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to modify the content of this file we
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have a VI editor in
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Linux VI editor is installed by default
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whenever we install Linux so you can use
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it by typing the command VI and then the
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file name in our case File name is
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skills so VI space skills hit
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enter in order to enter anything on this
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file you need to move into the insert
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mode for that you type I here now you
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are into the insert mode and start
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typing let's
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say
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Linux then enter Let's uh
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devops cloud
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secure
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it in order to save the file press
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Escape then colon WQ this will save and
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quit the
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file all right if you want to view the
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content of this file we can use the
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command cat cat followed by the file
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name so we have created a empty file
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using touch command we have modified the
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content of this skills files using V
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editor and we can view the content of
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our skills file using cat
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command so if you want to go back to
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your uh home directory that was uh slome
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SL Linus Tei you just type CD
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here you will be back in your home
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directory if you type
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PWD another important command is sudu
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sudu will allow you to run the command
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with administrative privileges so by
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default whenever you install Ubuntu you
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create a local user that local user will
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have the administrative rights but if
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you want to run the commands with
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administrative right you need to append
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sudo in every uh command let's say I
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want to install a package like Vim for
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that we have the app utility but app
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utility will need some administrative
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privileges for that I need to run apt
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command with sudo privileges let's run
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the command
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sudu apt update first so this command
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will update the repositories index here
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repositories are the package
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repositories for your OB LX if you type
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sudu app update it will prompt you to
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enter the password for your local user
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the specify the password and it will
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authenticate and will run the command
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all right let's say I want to install a
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package
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Vim it is highly recommended to install
16:40
the Wim package if you are beginner in
16:44
Linux
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sudu appt is your command install is
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your keyword followed by the package
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name I want to install Vim here so type
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vim and hit enter
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type y here to continue and hit
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enter all right we is installed now
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let's try to edit uh Etc host files for
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that again if you type Etc host here
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you will see in
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the at the bottom of your screen it's
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read only if you make the changes but
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those changes will not be saved because
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it's a readon file so in order to open
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this file in read write mode you need to
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use the command sudu sudu then VI then
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Etc host
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file type
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enter and if you type here I this time
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you will see insert you are into the
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insert mode
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use down arrow key let's add an entry
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here one more
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entry now type escape and WQ to save
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your changes now you can see the content
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of this
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file so our changes are there in the
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file if you want to print the IP address
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of your
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Ubuntu system we have the command IP
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space EDR space so let me clear the
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screen first using the command
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clear and type IP space ADR space
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show this command will show how many
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interfaces are attached to my Linux
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system what is the interface name and
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what IP is assigned to this
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interface and this Dynamic word says
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that it Go the IP from the dscp server
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another way to verify the network
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details for your
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interface if you see carefully on the
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top of your screen you have this icon
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just click on this icon and then click
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on wire click on wir
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settings click on this wir settings
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again it will take us to this
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window it will show so the link speed IP
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address Mac address default gateway if
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you go to ipv4 tab you will see that
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automatic or DP option is enabled it
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means it will get the IP from the DP
19:42
server or you want to configure static
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IP address choose the option manual
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specify the IP details here IP address
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let's say I want to set the IP address
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as
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192.168.1
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do 149
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subnet Mass would be
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255.255.255.0 Gateway is
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[Music]
20:11
192.168.1.1 and DNS name let's say 4.2
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do2 click on
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apply just disable and enable this
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interface by toggling this button and
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close this window
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go back to the terminal again and type
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the IP addr show command
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again you will see the system has new IP
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address so this time the dynamic word
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has been removed it means we have the
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static IP address on our ob2 system if
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you want to install
20:51
updates including security updates on
20:54
your system from the command line again
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you have to use the command appt let me
20:58
clear the screen again in order to
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install all the available updates on
21:03
your system you can run the command sudu
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apt and then
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upgrade hit enter and type y so it will
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install all the available updates
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here if you want to cancel Type n in
21:26
order to reboot or shut down your a
21:28
Linux
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system this command will reboot your
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Ubuntu
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system if you want to shut down then
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type the command sudu space down minus h
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space now it will shut down your system
21:51
if I hit enter it will set down my
21:54
virtual machine
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all right select the watch again and
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click on start in order to start your
22:05
huban
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Linux enter the credentials of your
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local
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user and hit
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enter let's talk about Linux voice
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system hierarchy Linux organized the
22:31
files into a structure that looks like a
22:34
tree here are the main
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folders We have slash at the top we call
22:40
it the root directory it's where
22:43
everything
22:44
starts so under this/ root directory we
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have multiple folders like Ben that will
22:51
have the required binaries to run the
22:53
programs boot folder will have static
22:56
files for the boot loader Dev folder
22:58
will have device files Etc will host the
23:03
system configuration files slome will be
23:06
the user home directory live will have
23:08
sh libraries media will be used in order
23:12
to mount or you
23:14
mount uh USB
23:16
Medias MNT will be used for mounting a
23:20
file system opt is optional application
23:23
software packages folder SL temp is used
23:27
for in the temporary files and USR will
23:31
have users utilities and the
23:33
applications let's see this in action
23:36
again go back to your terminal order to
23:40
open the terminal you can use open
23:42
Terminal or you can from the
23:45
applications you can type terminal here
23:47
as
23:52
well if you go to slash directory that
23:56
is/ root directory type LS
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l so this is my Ru directory that is top
24:04
directory under this directory I have
24:06
multiple
24:08
folders as shown in this figure so this
24:10
is my root
24:12
directory so again this is the one under
24:15
this root directory I have multiple
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folders like boot directory Dev EC
24:24
slome media MNT opt
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temp USR and
24:33
where if someone says let's create a
24:37
folder under /w/ temp with the name
24:43
devops so you should understand that
24:45
your mkd command will start with Slash
24:48
because in Linux everything starts with
24:51
Slash if you go back to your home
24:54
directory
25:00
type
25:01
mkd
25:03
slash location is slw SL St and
25:13
devops in order to verify this folder
25:16
has been created or not you just type
25:19
command LS hyphen L then D for
25:24
directory and the path the path is /w/
25:28
st/
25:30
devops this confirms that you have
25:33
successfully created a devop folder
25:35
under /w/ St
25:39
folder someone says let's go to a USR
25:43
local bin folder and do LS there so you
25:47
should understand automatically that
25:50
path will start with
25:52
Slash let's say
25:56
CD USR would be under slash so it would
26:00
start with sl/ USR under this we have
26:04
local folder under local we have bin if
26:07
you do enter here you are in user local
26:12
bin folder you can run the command PWD
26:16
and you do
26:18
LS there is no files or directories
26:21
under this folder for the time
26:24
thinging type CD to go back to your home
26:28
directory that's all from our beginners
26:31
guide to Linux we have covered what
26:33
Linux is how to install it and some
26:36
basic commands to get you started if you
26:39
found this video helpful smash that like
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bye
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