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think you know everything about HIV you
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might be surprised today we're tackling
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the top 10 questions about HIV to bust
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some common myths and give you the facts
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before we get started don't forget to
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follow us by subscribing to the channel
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and turn on the notification Bell for
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contents although people are more
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educated about the human imuno
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deficiency virus HIV today there are
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still misconceptions about the virus
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false assumptions can increase the risk
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of infection and the odds of
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transmitting the virus to someone else
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here are some mythbusting answers to the
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most commonly asked questions about
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HIV one are HIV and AIDS the same thing
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HIV and AIDS are not the same thing HIV
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is a virus while AIDS is a stage of
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advanced infection specifically HIV or
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the human imuno deficiency virus is an
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infectious virus that gradually breaks
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down a person's immune system leaving
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the body less able to defend itself
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against viruses bacteria fungi and
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parasites these infections which are
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called opportunistic tend to be mild in
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the early stages and can become
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progressively worse as they deplete your
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immune system AIDS or acquired immuno
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deficiency syndrome is the stage of the
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disease when the immune system is
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weakened by the loss of CD4 T cells also
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called helper tea cells these are white
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blood cells that help fend off harmful
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pathogens in the body without these
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defenses a person will be at high risk
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for serious illnesses that a healthy
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person would be able to fight off AIDS
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is diagnosed when a person has a CD4
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count of less than 200 meaning less than
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200 cells per cubic millim of blood or
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has at least one of 27 AIDS defining
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conditions outlined by the Centers for
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Disease Control and prevention CDC such
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as recurrent pneumonia and some lymphome
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phase two Can HIV live outside the body
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HIV does not live outside the body for
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very long compared with other types of
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viruses such as flu or chickenpox HIV is
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relatively fragile it does not Thrive at
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room temperature 68ยฐ F when exposed to
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ultraviolet UV radiation from the Sun or
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at pH levels that are dissimilar to that
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of blood even if a small amount of virus
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does manage to survive for a short
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period of time the odds that it will
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infect you are next to zero there have
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been no confirmed cases of HIV caused by
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a blood tainted needle in a public place
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even in a health care setting the risk
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of infection from a needl stick injury
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is less than 1% per the
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CDC three which activities are most
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HIV the three main roots of HIV
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infection in the United States are anal
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sex vaginal sex and shared needles of
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these unprotected anal sex poses the
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highest risk here is the estimated
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probability of acquiring HIV from an
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infected Source through drug use and
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different sex acts according to the
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CDC receptive anal sex 1 in
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72 shared injection drug use 1 in 160
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insertive anal sex 1 in
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99 receptive penile vaginal sex 1 in
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1250 insert of penile vaginal sex 1 in
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2500 the more you engage in these
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activities the more likely you are to
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contract the virus although it is still
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possible to get infected after a single
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exposure if you're worried about your
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risk of Contracting HIV talk to your
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healthcare provider about prep
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pre-exposure prophylaxis a highly
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effective oral or injectable medication
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for HIV prevention for HIV prevention
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according to the CDC it can reduce the
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risk of HIV infection through sex by 99%
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correctly four can you get HIV from oral
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sex while there is a possible risk of
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getting HIV from oral sex the documented
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risk remains extremely low the CDC says
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that the risk is hard to quantify
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because a lot of people who have oral
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sex have anal or vaginal sex
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too still there are certain factors that
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may increase the potential for infection
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these include coexisting sexually
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transmitted diseases stes and bleeding
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gums even then it's unlikely that a
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person will be infected by having oral
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sex using a condom or dental dam can
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further reduce the all low risk as can
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taking medicine to prevent or treat
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HIV five how common are false negatives
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positives thanks to the use of Next
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Generation Technologies the accuracy of
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HIV TV testing in healthcare settings
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has never been better still false
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positives and false negatives have been
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known to occur albeit
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infrequently today the false negative
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rate for antibody only tests is only
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0.3% or rough three out of every 1,000
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tests according to ibase false positive
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rates are even lower between 0.4% and
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0.7% according to stat pearls due in
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large part to the practice of confirming
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a positive result with a secondary test
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if a false negative does occur it is
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often the result of premature testing
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during the so-called window period this
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is the period of time following
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infection when the body has not yet
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produced enough protective proteins
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called an antibodies to register an
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accurate result if this happens a person
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may believe that they haven't been
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infected newer antigen antibody lab
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tests have significantly reduced this
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window period according to the CDC
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however you still need to wait about 3
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to 5 weeks after being exposed to the
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virus to get a reliable result that said
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if you think you've been exposed to HIV
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in the last 72 hours the CDC says to
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contact a health provider Hospital or
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Urgent Care Center right away about
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getting post exposure prophylaxis PF six
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how accurate are in home HIV
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tests currently there is only one inhome
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HIV test available in the United States
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or a quick promoted as a means to ensure
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privacy for those who might otherwise
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avoid getting tested it is easy to use
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requiring only a simple saliva swab and
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can return a result in as little as 20
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minutes because antibody levels in
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saliva are lower than the are in blood
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this test can fall short in its ability
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to detect infection according to the US
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Food and Drug Administration FDA one in
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12 oroi tests will deliver a false
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negative meaning that roughly one out of
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every 12 tests will deliver an incorrect
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sign seven can a pop smear detect
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HIV the pop smear is valuable for many
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things but HIV detection isn't one of
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them the aim of a PO smear is to
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identify cell changes that may indicate
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cervical cancer not to check for the
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presence of HIV which can be identified
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only with a blood or saliva based HIV
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test HIV test that said pop smears are
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especially important for women who have
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HIV these women are at least five times
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more likely to develop invasive cervical
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cancer than women who don't have HIV the
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test can also be used to screen for anal
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cancer and the human papiloma virus
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HV eight how long does it take for HIV
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symptoms to appear up to 80% of newly
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infected people experience symptoms
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during the early acute stage of HIV
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infection these generally develop within
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2 to 4 weeks of exposure and resemble
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symptoms of the flu such as fever sore
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throat body rash headache and muscle and
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joint pain according to the National
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NS one of the more telling signs of
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acute infection is lymphadenopathy the
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sometimes painful swelling of the lymph
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nodes specifically on the neck behind
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the ears under the armpits and in the
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upper groin while flu like symptoms can
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last anywhere from a few days to several
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weeks lymphadenopathy can persist for
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months and even Years and may improve
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only after the start of HIV
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treatment after the acute stage of HIV
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infection symptoms may not reappear for
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several years but the virus is still
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active and causing damage if left uned
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per the H that is why it's important to
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see a healthcare provider as as soon as
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possible if you suspect you have
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HIV nine do HIV symptoms differ in women
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and men the HIV symptoms in men and
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women don't differ very much however
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women with HIV can be susceptible to
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other infections that may cause symptoms
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in genital tract including bacterial
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vaginosis and kosis a common fungal
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infection that can manifest as a vaginal
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yeast infection oral thrush a fungal
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infection can appear in both women and
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men women with HIV also have an
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increased risk for recurrent and hard to
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treat pelvic inflammatory disease PID
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and can experience irregular periods
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discharge in the later stages of HIV
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women who also have HPV are more likely
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to have an increased risk of cervical
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cancer gay and bisexual men with HPV are
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more likely to develop anal cancer but
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beyond these differences the disease
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varies more by the individual than by
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other factors like genetics age
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treatment history and lifestyle habits
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such as smoking diet and exercise also
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play a role 10 how long can I wait
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treatment ideally you shouldn't wait to
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start treatment in the past doctors
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would delay treatment until a person's
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CD4 count fell below 500 largely because
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of concerns about the long-term effects
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of HIV treatment and the premature
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development of a drug resent virus but
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that's no longer the case today things
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are different says Linda Gail Becker PhD
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an infectious disease specialist and
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deputy director of a Desmond 22 HIV
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Center at the University of Cape Town in
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South Africa newer generation drugs have
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overcome many of these concerns moreover
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we have learned that delaying treatment
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can have long-term consequences on a
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person's health in fact according to the
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National Institutes of Health starting
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treatment immediately after an HIV
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diagnosis can lower your risk of
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developing non-aids defining conditions
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like cardiovascular disease liver
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disease kidney disease and certain types
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cancer understanding HIV and staying
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informed is crucial for everyone whether
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you are directly affected or want to
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support someone who is the right
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knowledge can make all the difference if
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you have any questions or need further
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information don't hesitate to reach out
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to healthcare professionals remember
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early detection and treatment are key
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stay safe and take care
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