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for decades researchers have explored
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why some HIV positive individuals
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naturally resist AIDS progression even
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without anti-retroviral therapy art a
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recent multiomic study by the IRSC Kika
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AIDS research institute sheds light on
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the unique immunity of these rare
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individuals called vmic non-progressors
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vnps understanding their resistance to
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disease progression could open new doors
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treatments the significance of
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anti-retroviral therapy and limitations
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since its Advent in 1987 art has been
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revolutionary for HIV management turning
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it from a fatal diagnosis into a
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manageable condition despite this some
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patients on Art struggle with partial
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immune recovery leaving them vulnerable
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issues this Gap underscores the need to
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explore alternative mechanisms of HIV
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control such as those found in
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nonprogressors vmic nonprogressors or VM
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PS are exceptionally rare comprising
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less than 0.1% of all HIV positive
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adults While most HIV infected
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individuals progress toward AIDS due to
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declining immune function vnps maintains
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stable levels of CD4 plus T cells and
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resist disease progression even with
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replication this resilience pequ
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researchers interest leading them to
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investigate what sets vnps apart from
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progressors key findings from the
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is in the study titled host genetic and
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immune factors Drive evasion of HIV 1
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pathogenesis in vmic non-progressors
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researchers applied multiomic analysis
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progressors multiomic analysis
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integrates various biological data like
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genomics and immune profiling to provide
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a comprehensive view of how genetic and
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immune factors work together to protect
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AIDS the genetic Factor the ccr5 delta
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mutation one major Discovery was a
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genetic link vnps were more likely to
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carry a mutation in the ccr5 gene known
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as Delta 32 with 53.8% of vnps having
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this variant compared to only 16% of
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progressors the ccr5 Delta 32 variant
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affects the ccr5 receptor which HIV
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typically uses to enter immune cells
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individuals with this mutation exhibit
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lower ccr5 expression on CD4 Plus plus T
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cells reducing their susceptibility to
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HIV infection at the cellular level y
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matters the lower presence of ccr5
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receptors on immune cells means HIV has
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fewer doorways to infect these cells
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this reduced entry point combined with
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the mutation's effect on immune response
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helps vnps keep HIV at Bay without
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art this discovery highlights the
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potential of gene-based treatments
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targeting the ccr5 receptor
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cellular immunity lower HIV DNA in blood
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cells Beyond genetics vnps showed
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significantly lower levels of HIV DNA in
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their peripheral blood mononuclear cells
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which include various types of immune
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cells as well as in their cd4t cells
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this indicates that vnps may experience
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partial cellular protection against HIV
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further contributing to their resistance
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progression immune response patterns in
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another unique feature of vnps lies in
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their immune response higher levels of
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naive cd8 plus t- cells vnps had higher
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numbers of naive cd8 plus T cells
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progressors naive cd8 plus T cells
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haven't yet encountered antigens
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substances that trigger immune responses
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and this higher count suggests vnps
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might be better prepared to respond to
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new threats including HIV
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mutations fewer activated memory cd8
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Plus t- cells memory te- cells are
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typically primed to fight previously
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encountered antigens vnps emps have
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fewer of these indicating their immune
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systems avoid chronic activation a state
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that's associated with immune exhaustion
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and HIV positive individuals it these
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characteristics suggest that by
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maintaining a lower Baseline of immune
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activation vnps prevent chronic
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inflammation and immune exhaustion two
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factors that significantly contribute to
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progression apoptosis in CD 4 plus T
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cells the study also found that vnps
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experienced lower rates of apoptosis or
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programmed cell death in their CD4 plus
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T cells apoptosis is an essential
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cellular process but excessive cell
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death can weaken the immune system by
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preserving CD4 plus t- cells V and PS
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maintain a healthier immune system
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giving them an advantage in the fight
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HIV interferon stimulated genes a unique
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a particularly striking finding from
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single cell RNA sequencing in vnps was
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the downregulation of interferon
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stimulated genes across multiple immune
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cell types interferons are proteins that
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cells produce in response to viral
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infections typically signaling nearby
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cells to heighten their antiviral
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defenses this effect was observed in
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various immune cells including aloid
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cells CD4 plus T cells cd8 plus T cells
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are NK natural killer
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cells by limiting interference signaling
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vnps seem to avoid overactivating their
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immune systems helping them maintain
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immune balance even in the face of
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replication gut integrity and immune
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activation another important finding was
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the link between gut health and immune
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activation vnps had lower levels of
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zonulin a protein that can indicate gut
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barrier disruption this suggests vnps
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May experience less leakage but from the
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gut which is significant because gut
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Integrity is closely tied to
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inflammation and immune Health
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maintaining a healthier gut barrier
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likely reduces chronic immune activation
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providing vnps with an added layer of
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Defense tryptophan metabolism lower
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acid the metabolomic analysis of vnps
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revealed lower levels of anthranilic
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acid a product of tryptophan degradation
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elevated anthranilic acid levels have
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been linked to immune activation and CD4
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plus t- cell loss in HIV progression
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lower levels of this byproduct in vmps
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May further explain their resilience as
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it suggests reduced immune activation
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depletion lessons for future HIV
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treatment the findings offer new
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insights into HIV resistance providing a
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road map for future treatments that
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characteristics by designing therapies
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that lower chronic immune activation
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reduce gut barrier disruption and
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promote CD4 plus T Cell preservation
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researchers hope to replicate the vnps
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resilience in the broader HIV
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population the study's authors believe
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these insights could eventually lead to
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treatments that reduce Reliance on Art
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and improve quality of life for HIV
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individuals the multiomic analysis of
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vomic nonprogressors has uncovered a
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unique combination of genetic and immune
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mechanisms that protect these rare
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individuals from AIDS
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from the ccr5 Delta 32 mutation to
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Unique immune responses and gut health
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markers vnps provide a powerful model
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interventions This research not only
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adds a new dimension to our
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understanding of HIV but also points
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toward Innovative treatment Pathways
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that could help Millions manage HIV
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without the need for lifelong
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therapy and that is it in today's video
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