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In this 2023 lecture, Andrey Grigorievich Yashutin, one of the chief designers of Russia’s advanced MS-21 airliner, shares behind-the-scenes insights into the aircraft’s development. As the Head of the Design Bureau at PJSC Yakovlev’s Engineering Center, Yashutin played a key role in shaping the MS-21’s innovative design, from aerodynamics to advanced composite materials.
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0:00
Come on. Hello comrades present in the hall and those watching the video
0:06
broadcast. My name is Andre Shutin and I am the head of the design bureau of PJsc
0:14
Yakovv developer of the lead developer on average of the MC21 mainline
0:21
aircraft. Come on.
0:26
[Music]
0:52
So are we commencing today? This will likely focus on the
0:58
latest and probably one of the most advanced aircraft not only in domestic
1:03
aviation but also globally. the total contribution of world aviation
1:10
to the new MC21 mainline aircraft. The aircraft
1:16
MC21. He was represented here in the picture by and
1:21
large. He started his story at the end of the
1:27
'90s. In 2009, a technical specification was signed with the Ministry of Industry
1:32
and Trade. that our aviation united aircraft
1:40
corporation O AK begins the development of a new aircraft an
1:47
MS21 which is the main one which is the classic scheme. Overall, they aspire to achieve
1:57
this. The most advanced aircraft in such a mass segment of the cargo and
2:02
passenger transport market as mediumh hall aircraft. What
2:09
are the analoges of this aircraft? Well, first of all, probably the Airbus 327
2:16
costs 320. the Boeing 737. Well, there are some more of us with 21 among them
2:23
the newest. It's not entirely new in some
2:30
way. Purely formally in terms of time, yes, and it is new both in terms of
2:35
architecture and the principles of creating an aircraft. And today's lecture will probably be about this. Let
2:43
me tell you a little and explain what it is. By and large, you can divide the
2:48
lecture into three such blocks. One, these are the goals of the creation and
2:53
of our MC21 project in general. Further, a little about the
3:00
history of the development of the MC21 project is not easy. This is a long
3:06
story that has been going back more than 10 years. And finally we will summarize
3:11
some results in terms of the technologies that we use on our aircraft and I will be happy to answer all the
3:18
questions that arise. So let's get
3:24
started. Tas you said before us when the country proposed to develop
3:31
this aircraft that is first of all it is competition with western aircraft that
3:38
is it is competition for our sky and for the sky of other countries.
3:46
Further, since this is a new aircraft, it must have excellent characteristics. And this was also a task to show that a
3:54
domestic product, a domestic aircraft school, is capable of producing advanced
4:01
products. Modern to ensure compliance with modern promising world standards in
4:06
terms of economy, environmental friendliness, noise level. Why is this
4:11
an important task? Because The rules by which aircraft are created
4:19
which they must comply they are also constantly evolving. And if we look in
4:25
perspective then all the aircraft that were developed a long time ago that is
4:30
there in the 70s8s they are subject to the requirements that were enforced then in
4:38
the 70s and 80s and new aircraft are already subject to modern requirements.
4:44
And when we build a new plane, we take over responsibility for the
4:51
implementation of all requirements already new modern. Do you yourself
4:56
understand that environmental standards, passenger safety standards and aircraft design standards are
5:03
developing and developing quite intensively. And finally the last goal which is by
5:10
and large a fairly new goal when the project was just born probably it was
5:15
secondary at the moment. This is of paramount importance
5:22
goal. This is to ensure our technological sovereignty that is
5:27
everything that is used in our aircraft. It must be produced on the territory of
5:33
Russia and does not depend on any winds of change that blow in the
5:41
world on a global scale in world politics.
5:47
So how did we address these challenges these these approach these
5:55
tasks? Well, first of all again the aircraft is not created out of thin air.
6:01
That is initially the basis of the project was even let's say use the technical developments of OKBOV on
6:09
mainline aircraft short regional aircraft. Well
6:15
in particular here in front our pavilion is Yak 42. This by
6:23
and large we can say is the grandfather of our MC21
6:29
aircraft. The WAK 42 is still operational and Pavl Yakovv's
6:35
organization continues to maintain it. Therefore, you still have all the
6:41
opportunities to get on board the Yak 42 and even make some flight on
6:49
it. Again over the last few decades new materials have emerged as
6:57
metallic materials as well as composite materials are so-called composites.
7:03
Composites have developed very much. They have developed. New ones have appeared and they allow you to do things
7:10
that by and large it is not typical for traditional
7:16
aviation materials. We'll talk about this a little later about the role of composits in the design of our
7:26
aircraft. Indeed, we can say that the bet was made precisely on the use of new
7:32
materials such as carbon fiberglass of which there are a lot of fiberglass in
7:37
the design of our aircraft. He's further
7:43
ahead. What else can you say? This is still a broad cooperation to create an aircraft. Initially it was an
7:51
international collaboration. So far this
7:58
corporation already let's say domestic that is the plane is collected in
8:03
everyone well in a very large number of regions. They prepare equipment for it.
8:10
Produces some elements for him. Develops software that is this is already
8:17
it. Let's call it an interreional project likely one of the largest
8:23
interreional projects. We have his aviation presence most likely in the
8:29
country. And finally the last goal which was on the previous slide has as its
8:36
solution what was needed at a certain moment. All the developments are
8:42
international which were initially in our project and were bet on
8:48
them to turn them into our domestic is
8:53
also a huge work. In particular at the Azer of our project, a decision was made
9:00
that there will definitely be two modifications of the aircraft with the
9:05
Praden engine. This was considered as the main product and with the
9:11
engine. Imported engines for D14 were replaced by domestic ones which were in
9:18
early development at the time. Thanks to this decision, the program is still
9:23
ongoing. Had the decision favored only Proden Vitali without investing in a new
9:29
domestic engine, the aircraft's accuracy would no longer be
9:39
maintained. So our aircraft is a product of high technology. Here you see that we have a
9:46
white black wing. Why it is called black? because it is made and its tesson
9:51
is made of exemplary composite materials based
9:58
on carbon fiber is really black. It if you look at it when it just comes out of
10:04
the kiln it's just such a cold black color. Uh in the future of course it is
10:11
primed of course it is painted so it is called black in quotation marks.
10:19
And of course, this is probably one of the most important innovations of our aircraft.
10:27
Further, in order to ensure competition in the market among other aircraft
10:33
manufacturers, it was decided to increase the comfort of the aircraft because passengers are
10:39
primarily interested in comfort.
10:45
If you have ever flown on planes, you know that flying is not very comfortable. Small seats, small distance
10:52
between rows to pass. If someone walks with a trolley
10:58
by passing through it becomes an
11:03
adventure. Constantly some problem with the fact that you cannot place luggage,
11:08
very little space. So, it was decided to
11:14
expand, make the fuselage wider, and we really have the widest cabin in our
11:19
class today. And this adventure with passing by a trolley on our plane has
11:24
been solved. Really, if you're ever there on
11:33
Max, visit the cabin of our plane. You will see even on its front
11:40
side the interior has such marks that show how much wider we are than Boeing
11:46
and Airbus. That's why such a small advertising move in this regard was
11:55
made. What exactly do we have here? Speaking of numerical characteristics,
12:01
the MC21 with ultra dense layout and model 310 with ultra dense layout can
12:08
seat 201 people. If the airline opts for a different layout, possibly with
12:14
business class accommodations with extended business
12:19
class, it is less but a maximum of 211 can be accommodated. If any lowcost
12:26
airline takes such an aircraft then it can accommodate up to 211 people and
12:32
emergency exits and emergency exit is provided in
12:37
it. Absolutely calm. Maximum range is 5100
12:44
kilo. This allows us by and large to fly to Kusk from Moscow tok without any
12:50
jumps.
12:56
commercial load levels more than 20 tons. That is this includes the weight
13:03
of passengers, the weight of luggage and other commercial load that the aircraft
13:09
carries. And of course another finally such a technical characteristic is that
13:14
it is somewhere around 30%. From the design of the power structure
13:20
of the aircraft, this is a
13:27
composer. It also features a wide fuselage and convenient luggage
13:34
racks which by and large characterizes our
13:39
aircraft. Let's discuss the finer details we have as well.
13:44
very large port holes and very large glazing because of what can you watch
13:51
indeed the plane looks very beautiful from you I can say that you probably won't find a liner more beautiful than
14:01
MC21 so let's talk a little bit about the development of the project what
14:07
milestones did we go through what difficulties did we face like I said it
14:12
all started in the9 90s in the
14:19
future. The project developed and the design went between 10 and probably 14
14:26
15 years. The model was fully prepared 3D model of the aircraft which instead
14:32
of the usual drawings were used to create our aircraft.
14:43
The model has been fully calculated. Of course, the elemental model, the
14:48
so-called for calculating the strength of the aircraft. By this point,
14:53
production has already been adapted for our aircraft. Plans for the production
14:59
of composite parts of our aircraft were built. That is huge preparatory work was
15:05
carried out. So that in 16 years there was an aircraft from
15:15
2021. Do you see here? This shot taken during a stunt was
15:22
organized as a separate
15:27
event at the Kutzk aviation plant. The Kutzk aviation plant is the main
15:33
manufacturer of our aircraft. It is there that aircraft are assembled from
15:38
components from parts of units that are assembled from all over the
15:44
country. That is ours is going right in the center of
15:50
Russia, the new liner. And in just under a
15:57
year, to be more precise, even probably a little more than a year later, one
16:02
flight of our aircraft was made. Before that, of course, a huge amount of work was done to check all systems at the
16:10
ground stage. Many industry institutes gave their
16:16
conclusions, reviewed materials, analyzed design documentation, operational documentation
16:23
in order to it is possible to provide guarantees
16:29
that the aircraft is safe in one flight. Uh start flying your
16:34
certification program. Well, I started carrying out finishing tests on it and
16:40
the first flight went great. The plane showed
16:46
that all well most of our wishes for this aircraft were realized. It does
16:52
very well in terms of control. The engines worked exactly as they should. There were no problems with
16:59
aerodynamics.
17:07
But he when the plane was announced to the general world public began certain
17:12
difficulties after the plane was presented on
17:19
Max. Sanctions began in relation to project one. Probably the most serious
17:25
blow to the project was dealt somewhere in late 18 early 19 when the use of
17:31
composits was banned. imported production. Before that we used
17:39
carbon fiber in the design in the production wing. The site is an American company
17:47
and the plumage employed carbon fiber from Hexel.
17:53
production of Hexel is a European company and there and there and at the
17:59
beginning Scitec refused and then after a short time they stopped supplying
18:04
Hexel to us. What was to be done? Well, thank God
18:12
again a little before that somewhere around 15 years ago we began to somehow
18:18
think about what they were. Will this happen with our project?
18:26
And so the work began then all the alternative material produced by
18:33
Rosatum. And in that moment we significantly felt that all import
18:38
substitution measures were not pointless. These aren't merely slogans. They are authentic.
18:47
Necessary processes are critical to ensure the continued existence and
18:52
progress of our project. In just two years, we
18:57
successfully replace the composite
19:04
material. So the next thing and here's finally what at the end of 21 we
19:13
have there was one event. It was we who raised the air and the plane already has
19:19
a domestic wing. Shortly after we received the
19:25
primary basic type certificate. The certification was obtained but not
19:30
without rigorous effort a domestic wing and for the aircraft that was intended
19:37
that is with imported engines and with an imported wing. but immediately began
19:44
work on the approval of the main changes of the aircraft with a domestic engine
19:50
and a domestic wing which are already modifications
19:56
existing basic
20:01
designs. So at the moment we already have aircraft with a domestic engine, a
20:07
domestic wing for which there are firm orders and according to our plans we
20:13
will be somewhere within 30 years. We plan to produce over 200 MC21
20:23
aircraft. By and large we are already at the finish line of our project. Yes,
20:29
very difficult but nevertheless a huge coup. We have already passed and at the
20:35
moment our main task is to ensure import
20:41
substitution. The equipment and system standing on the plane as I said earlier
20:46
in the project began as an international as a large international project.
20:55
Therefore, the equipment was bought from the most famous manufacturers in the
21:00
west who could show us something, could show the class to the
21:07
school. After certain events, we began to unfold this process in the direction
21:12
of domestic manufacturers of system
21:18
equipment. If you compare the level of systems that for example
21:24
install were installed on the aircraft for example TU24
21:30
TU24 uh in principle these were probably the
21:36
most modern aircraft which began to be designed back
21:41
in Soviet times and in Russia 90 they were brought to
21:47
practical practical implementation Then of course the MC21
21:52
currently has probably the most modern systems
22:00
b in the experimental design work. We probably missed all the equipment that
22:05
was there. That is it was all developed almost from scratch for the aircraft and
22:11
developed according to the requirements that are not inferior to the international ones that we presented at
22:18
the beginning of the project. At the moment we see that the principle of Russian industry copes. Yes, it may
22:25
not be as fast and not as high quality as I would like but it manages the plane will be
22:32
there and in terms of its characteristics it will not be inferior to them.
22:40
That basic configuration that was initially developed and received a type certificate that is the aircraft
22:47
according to all characteristics of TZ exhibited to us
22:52
in 9 years have fully passed since
22:59
implementation. And finally, let's also talk a little about the technologies
23:04
that were at the heart of our project.
23:09
What kind of technology have we made? Well, again, if we are talking about the design process, then MC21 design is done
23:18
mainly on the basis of 3D modeling. That is these are not flat drawings. These
23:24
are 3D models, simplified 3D
23:30
models which uh in fact from the designer they immediately go to the
23:36
factories as a technologist and go and already do technological preparation of
23:42
production on the basis of also 3D models that is no additional transfers
23:48
of paper in the project. Of course, there are papers, there are documents, there
23:54
are signatures. We are now working to make the document flow absolutely
24:00
electronic. In the meantime, the existing
24:07
rules, current aviation does not allow us to do this to the full extent
24:12
necessary. Nevertheless, leave documents with so-called wet signatures. But in
24:17
the near future, I think that the number of these wet signatures will be very much reduced. And in
24:26
fact, all design documentation will be purely electronic in the near
24:33
future. The next lecture uh which has been mentioned many times is our black
24:39
wing which is the use of composits. It's not a metallic material. It's plastics.
24:45
Carbon fiber reinforced
24:50
plastics. And that's really a huge competitive advantage. Why? First of all, the
24:58
composer. There are some properties that distinguish it very favorably from metal. For example, it is much lighter
25:05
with the same strength. Additionally, it isn't susceptible to
25:12
what's known as fatigue strength. What is fatigue strength? It's when a wire is bent
25:20
multiple times. At first, nothing happens, but after several bends, it
25:26
breaks. Everyone has likely tried this experiment. This is what's
25:32
occurring at this point. the formation of the so-called fatigue crack which
25:37
under cyclic loads regularly repeated develops intensively and destroys the
25:44
structure. In fact, aircraft are characterized by the same mode of destruction. This greatly limits the
25:51
number of flights that the aircraft can make. Once the aircraft has made a few thousand takeoffs and landings, cracks
25:59
can form on its fuselage.
26:04
uh which is slowly developing and one of the tasks is to prevent these cracks from forming a huge so-called trunk
26:11
crack which can destroy the aircraft even in flight. The composite this is
26:18
not typical at all in principle that is for him such a fashion of
26:24
destruction does not exist. It is not afraid of repeated loads and therefore
26:30
no cracks in the composite by and large will not occur. There are nuances
26:36
associated with the fact that for example if we take it we don't hit it.
26:42
So composite crimea then we won't see any dent. Yes. If they hit a metal one
26:48
the dent would remain. If we hit the composition we can't see anything with
26:53
our eyes. only ultrasound can see so to check the technical condition of the
27:00
aircraft are additionally used special methods of non-destructive
27:07
testing usually based on
27:12
ultrasound then what I can say that in principle again the aircraft is
27:18
completely new and a huge number of digital technologies have been used in
27:25
it. Such digital technologies as the transmission say of signals from one
27:31
equipment to another equipment. It is implemented not in an analog way as on
27:38
old aircraft but in a digital way. That is each block sends a certain code
27:45
in the common network and the necessary other blocks that want to receive the
27:51
signal. It is taken including in digital form that is communication between the
27:58
aircraft blocks is carried out already purely in digital form which
28:04
allows by and large very quickly reconfigure any parameters of the
28:10
aircraft expand it and use more modern equipment
28:16
practically with minimal alterations. other equipment, digital technologies,
28:22
digital signals. This is of course huge flexibility in further
28:29
modifications. Uh and the control system that was implemented on our aircraft uh
28:35
it is initially digital in nature and let's say active communication between
28:41
the handles is implemented there. that is in the MC21 aircraft. There is no
28:46
steering wheel. There is a side handle and there's one pilot's side
28:54
handle. Due to electronic communication, it is connected to the side handle of
28:59
two pilots. Why is this necessary? So that when one of the pilots controls
29:05
two, he feels what one pilot is doing. That is two handles are
29:11
absolutely independent. It would seem, but due to digital technologies, we
29:16
managed to connect them well practically mechanically link them
29:25
together. And of course, it is impossible not to note that our aircraft is equipped with the
29:34
newest, the leading turbo jet engine, PD14.
29:40
By and large, there are no analoges of PD14 in our industry. This
29:46
too, these products are likely only slightly simpler than the aircraft
29:51
itself, given that they are jet
29:56
engines. The most complex device and the fact that our colleagues from ODK were
30:02
able to implement this engine. this too. I consider it an indicator that our
30:07
industry has tremendous potential and our engineering school is one of the best in the
30:14
world. As you know probably on the fingers of one hand you can count those
30:19
countries in which there is an engine industry at all especially the jetpipe
30:25
building engine
30:30
industry. I would like to highlight here's what I said before and
30:37
again about comfort. The fact that increased pressure is implemented in the
30:46
salon. Hence flights are more comfortable. Passengers feel better
30:53
experiencing less ear discomfort and drowsiness from pressure drops among
30:59
other improvements. This is a key competitive edge for
31:07
us. Well, finally you can let me down. Any interim
31:13
results? Today's lectures are connected with the likelihood that the aircraft from 21 was probably implemented.
31:22
all those let's say the wishes of our aviation our passengers our aircraft
31:31
operators and uh at the moment it is really probably the most perfect aircraft at least exactly
31:38
domestic and uh I hope that in the coming years it will become the most advanced and worldclass
31:47
aircraft. Is there anything else you'd like to add?
31:52
that the project is already at the finish line from the point of view that the development is almost completed
32:00
remains to be seen. When finally the equipment in sufficient quantity arrives at our Kutsk
32:08
plant and the aircraft will be equipped with domestic systems and begin
32:13
certification flights. in order to prove that our planes and
32:20
our efforts were not in vain and the plane we were able to
32:26
create. If you have any questions, I am ready to answer
32:32
them. Come on,
32:38
you have the microphone now. Thank you. Dear, thank you for the lecture. This is a very interesting topic. I have one moment. Uh yes, that is last year in
32:45
March. uh that is well a difficult situation that is OAK stated that 6,400 would be approximately the flight range
32:52
that is they decided to make 5,100 now you stated that is in this regard these are simply technical solutions it turned
32:58
out to be easier to do or it just happened within the framework of as it were the understanding that it is faster
33:04
than to implement this one moment the second point is related to the daughter of bifurcation um in 19 it
33:11
became clear that domestic materials were needed specifically composite materials
33:17
At the same time, Aeroflot ordered a large number of Boeings that is as it were the demand
33:23
for M with 21 that is at least postponed at the moment of final development that is this situation turns out. So from
33:28
your point of view did it have a serious impact on the speed of implementation of the project or not that is it has
33:33
already been purchased from our largest airlines as it were carriers that is as foreign aircraft competitors of your
33:38
aircraft. And the third point is very important. It would not seem yes that is for the implementation of this project
33:44
when you are still waiting when the aircraft will already go into industrial operation and so on. Here is your forecast. Thank you very
33:50
much. Thank you for the question. Let's do it in parts. So as for part one of
33:56
the question please remind us about this range means distance. Initially
34:04
this was the ZM which was for the MS21 aircraft. There the plane was a mainline
34:10
that is somewhere in the area of 3 and a half 1,000 km in the future. Of
34:18
course, taking into account the pressure of Boeing Airbus under the influence of
34:24
the fact that Boeing appeared at Airbus, they also began to make additional
34:29
requirements for range and we gradually began to increase there to 5,000 and
34:35
even to 5 and a half,000. At the moment, the engine PD14
34:42
will be able to provide the range. How was declared 5100 km prod and more
34:47
visible than planned? Yes, I could really afford 5,500 on this
34:55
plane. 6,000m project with 21 to 310 was not considered there
35:02
initially. Yeah. Yeah. And since the MC21 is a family of
35:09
aircraft, then within this family of course there are aircraft with an increased range
35:17
and therefore in the further development of the M family with 20 I will not allow
35:22
planes to be made including long haul well practically which will be able to fly more than 56
35:29
and even 7,000. That is there is a design
35:35
foundation for implementing this. As for the purchase of Boeing Airbus by our
35:43
companies, why in 2012 we could not have imagined that such fundamental changes
35:48
would occur in politics. When the M project was being planned from 21, we
35:54
really sincerely believed that we we are a part of the global community
36:01
and can collaborate with western countries showcasing our largely
36:06
homegrown technologies, our opportunities to
36:13
assert ourselves in the global market. That's why the plane was international from the
36:19
beginning. Yes, we had a huge number of our domestic devices, our domestic
36:27
systems, but nevertheless, let's say the control
36:32
system for the most part it consisted of units for example English production
36:38
well the composer used an American engine there including an American
36:45
engine that is by and large we thought that we would be part of the World Market and our aircraft were initially
36:53
ordered not only by Russian companies and there were orders
36:59
including orders came from countries outside the CIS including Western Europe
37:04
and others. We placed orders on M from
37:10
21. Therefore, as for whether this slowed down the program much, I believe not. That is in this
37:19
case. This is often business. Yes, it was the comrades who bought what could
37:25
really provide them right now. They weren't prepared to wait for a plane that would be available in 17 to
37:32
18 years. Unfortunately, I don't remember
37:38
question three either. And yes, finally, when will MC21 be?
37:46
When will we all fly on it? Plans are that the start of operation of
37:53
the import substituted aircraft M from 21 is
38:00
2025. At the moment, it is 25 years. There is only a little bit left to
38:07
wait. More questions.
38:14
Will he give you this microphone now?
38:19
Hi. Which one are you referring to? Lightning protection.
38:25
Now I'll tell you which means first of all all the new requirements for the
38:30
aircraft are also imposed on lightning in terms of durability, lightning and
38:36
protection. Firstly, the composite wing is specially covered with a lightning protective
38:42
film, not a film, but a mesh. This copper mesh is very thin, which ensures
38:47
the flow of electricity. Therefore, blows at any
38:53
point. The plane by and large causes electricity to spread throughout the
39:00
fuselage. The equipment is specifically tested for this lightning
39:05
strike. Specialized testing is conducted on real lightning phenomena which are created using
39:12
magnetic fields and electric fields. A blow is applied to the body and it looks
39:18
like the equipment reacts to this. It looks like uh how the structure
39:26
behaves after a lightning strike. The same plastic appears in it which does
39:31
not affect by and large the overall strength of the structure.
39:37
All these tests were successfully carried out and we can guarantee that uh why they say the instability of the
39:44
aircraft everything is fine. Of course. Yes. Yes.
39:51
Yes. And what is the ceiling of the aircraft? What is the ceiling? As a
39:58
rule, all mainline aircraft have a ceiling somewhere around $12,000.
40:04
that is the echelons pass precisely at this height. Generally the plane might fly
40:11
higher but regulations impose limitations requiring it to fly at lower
40:18
altitudes ranging from 9,000 to 12,000 ft for this class of
40:27
aircraft. What is forest speed? Determining speed is complicated for
40:33
pilots due to their typically high speeds. Such a relative concept that is
40:41
what is the speed of an aircraft is the speed relative to the earth or this
40:46
speed relative to the air in which we are flying relative to the earth. If there is a tailwind then the speed again
40:54
greatly increases. In principle, the MC21 aircraft are
41:01
somewhere up to 900 km per hour if relative to the
41:09
Earth. Yes, good afternoon. I also had a question regarding the black composite
41:14
wing that is in general in the industry. For example, there is a Boeing 787 and
41:20
for it, but even as a whole, it is outwardly noticeable that it is a composite wing.
41:25
It has such a rather specific shape generally inaccessible to the wing that would be created there. We use standard
41:33
materials but for example at 21 it's so purely outwardly but how do I how do I
41:39
see it? Pretty standard shape just such an engineering decision that there was no
41:46
need to resort to creating a specific wing geometry or is this a bet for the
41:51
future? Now I'll tell you a little more about
41:57
this too. That is yes indeed when we design structures from composites there
42:03
are by and large two schools of such design. School one is called black
42:10
aluminum and school two is called bionic design. So big what's the point? Black
42:18
aluminum technology is in fact we are converting traditional structures that
42:24
were made of metal to carbon fiber with additional kakimito
42:33
uh measures to increase strength, reduce weight and so on and so on. That is as it were a replacement. Well, it is based
42:40
on uh traditional construction and yes there really is also bionic design. The
42:47
so-called when by and large the methods of metopological optimization create a
42:53
design of a fairly exquisite form in which the best weight and
43:00
strength properties are supposedly implemented by and large M from 21. Of
43:08
course, these are more traditional approaches close to
43:14
uh black aluminum, but only close ones. If you look, the MC21 wing is much
43:20
thinner than any traditional metal wing. Secondly, it is already something.
43:26
Again, traditional metal wings and this could only be realized thanks to
43:32
composites. Um the wing is very long that is it is
43:37
just an elongation. This is probably the best wing in its class. Um and it could
43:43
only be implemented at the expense of the composer. At the same time these are
43:48
here. Things with bionic forms like this are slightly ruined. There are beautiful
43:54
ends on the wings and so on and so on are actually more of a marketing nature.
44:04
That is the plane appears considerably more modern thanks to them but overall
44:10
it does not provide any substantial enhancements. Additional significant
44:18
advantages. The shape of our wing features the so-called horizontal
44:24
tip. That is in fact the ends of other aircraft. they kind of deviate either up
44:30
or down or bend slightly back. Why is this being done? In order to by and
44:38
large limit the wingspan that is in order to
44:43
uh you couldn't make a long thin wing just straight. That's why she has to twist
44:49
the M wing a little bit from 21 itself. And again, what is this due to the fact
44:55
that those aircraft traditionally used metal wings? So in order to increase the
45:00
wing, they made certain composers. These are the fins. On the MC27 aircraft, we knew from
45:09
the very beginning that the wing would be composite. So we made it as thin as
45:14
possible, as long as possible. By and large, Wanglet in the end would and does
45:20
not give us practically anything. That is why it is still not in the design.
45:26
Although this question is about where your Wangled is. Why is the MC21 so
45:31
different from other aircraft? We answer us eating Wangled simply horizontal along the bed. Let's
45:37
put it this way. And so yes, it looks more traditional. Nevertheless, trust me, the
45:45
wings quality is not inferior to the latest models, the development of Airbus there
45:52
is not much inferior to Boeing, let's say more questions.
45:59
Yeah. Hi. Yeah, the question has already become standard. What percentage of the
46:04
aircraft is replaced today before it is imported? and those components that
46:10
cannot be replaced. I just want to know from which countries. Yes, if it is
46:16
section one of questions two. Very interesting. Uh in my opinion,
46:21
were there any focus groups uh meetings with pilots which uh well so to speak
46:27
can give you some feedback that is useful for the design of the entire aircraft.
46:34
Thank you for the question. So what about import substitution of aircraft at the
46:39
moment? Indeed approximately 99% import has been
46:45
substituted. What in a couple of years it will be
46:50
100% replaced. That is everything that is on MS is
46:56
domestic. And what are the main things that have
47:02
not yet been imported? Well, basically everything is absolutely trivial like light bulbs, some other small things
47:09
that are easier to buy from a huge number of manufacturers on the market. So you can buy something
47:15
there. Perhaps the rubber will be the same there. Some number of aircraft may
47:21
use foreign rubber there. Well, because these are consumables and consumables
47:27
are basically sold. International consumables are available to all of us.
47:34
But in terms of design, by and large everything is domestic. As
47:41
for remember the two related questions with a focus group. Yes, with
47:49
focus groups. Uh, of course, we have been working closely since the beginning
47:54
of the project. That is as soon as you start building a plane you must
48:01
know let's say they give you some kind of group of pilots and extra class extra
48:08
class from pilots who by and large give you constant feedback
48:14
especially on the ergonomics of the cabin especially on the controllability
48:20
of the aircraft and so on and so on. So this is very close work uh with industry
48:26
institutes say with the same state scientific research institute of civil
48:31
aviation in which pilots they
48:36
work once again these are not just nonline pilots these are pilots experts
48:43
well plus our own pilots pilots of the company are test pilots who also have
48:50
rich experience piloting a var variety of types of aircraft and from
48:57
them there's ongoing feedback and our engineers consistently communicate with
49:06
them. Hello, I probably have three questions which means one question about
49:11
the name MC21. When the aircraft goes into series production, are there any plans to
49:17
change the lighthouse for example? Two questions about the near future.
49:22
There are people with varying degrees of involvement in aviation from industry and non-industry who say that in 10 15
49:30
years there should be one K in C in the cockpit that is two crew members
49:37
uh can be replaced. Here are your assessments to what extent this is possible from an engineering and
49:43
organizational point of view there in 10 15 years. And question three, well just
49:49
please tell us about your team. How many people worked on the aircraft? The average age there. Well, there might be
49:55
something like this review. Thank you very much. Well, let's ask one then the question of
50:01
what? Big Bill here. How would you respond to him?
50:15
We still have another question to address about the name, the date. So, let's take a look.
50:22
Initially, the aircraft was called the MC21 mainline aircraft. Yes, that translates to a 21st century mainline
50:32
plane. Why? Because it was created in cooperation of
50:38
several design bureaus. That is initially the basis of the project was
50:44
not only one leading there a yakovv but the potential of the entire industry at
50:49
that time was used that is this is illusin and partly tupolev and other
50:56
design bureaus. Therefore the name was chosen
51:01
quite neutral plus in the future the developer became not Okbakovv but OO corporation and
51:12
therefore the name Yakai and large the Yak brand did not belong to the aircraft
51:19
from the very beginning. However, it was expressed at one time by some political
51:25
figures. such wishes to rename it in particular their anchor
51:31
2442. Currently this issue is not under
51:37
consideration. Well, I don't know maybe at some point a rebrand will happen. Uh you have probably heard that I recently
51:44
changed my name uh and aim to become a super jet. So it is quite possible. Uh
51:51
but again this is not a question for me. As for one crew member, yes, it's
51:58
indeed straightforward. The direction in which
52:03
you are now working, you all know that up to a certain point. There were generally several crew members. There
52:09
are 34 crew members on our aircraft. As a rule, there are more than two and
52:16
there are really prerequisites in society to create a virtual two pilot
52:21
who will as it were accompany a
52:26
person. But this is still at the level of ideas. In reality, of course,
52:32
everything will depend upon several factors. uh the position of the public that is
52:39
how safe will people feel when there is only one person left in the cockpit?
52:44
Well, then this is the most common threat issue
52:50
for what would happen to the plane if something occurred to the
52:56
pilot when there are two of them then we minimize this risk. Yes, with one something happened and there are always
53:03
two this duplicate pilot. Will we be able to somehow
53:09
duplicate a person or even do without a person so that a person would just as it
53:14
were look after the equipment? This remains a very open
53:20
question as I mentioned it will most likely be so
53:26
connected with public opinion on this. Can we entrust the lives of hundreds of
53:31
people there to a robot alone or a robot supervised by a
53:39
human? More of a philosophical question. And finally, your third
53:45
question regarding our team. At the moment, the main developer
53:51
is the engineering center of PJSC Yakovv. It has about 1,300 people.
54:00
Uh this is the core of our project, the engineering core of our project. Inside
54:05
the engineering center, there is a design bureau, the head of which I am.
54:10
That's one of 100 design engineers. But of course, we don't
54:17
design everything everything in the aircraft. We work in broad cooperation.
54:26
We partner with experts from various industries and companies and I think the
54:31
total number of engineers working on MC21 is more than 10,000. Well, this is
54:37
it. This is let's say an expert
54:43
assessment. The team is young, very young. That is I think we have an average age of less than
54:50
40. Basically, this is the main increase of our team. These are just young people
54:55
who uh graduated from aviation universities uh graduated from technical universities
55:03
for example the MGT in the name of Bowman and we gladly hire them and so
55:10
they are probably the most mass part of our team. Of course there are experts in age
55:17
but they play the role of mentors and teachers.
55:24
Uh and finally thanks to the fact that the project has been developing for 10
55:29
years, we have a stratum of people aged 30 40 years. These are real experts in
55:35
the field of aviation who have already passed uh certification who have many years of
55:43
experience and at the moment the main load of uh engineering and
55:49
organizational in Russian of course already lies on them when the project just began. I can say that uh then there
55:56
was a certain demographic hole in aviation in the 90 years aviation practically. It did not have support
56:04
from the state and people are leaving leaving the industry. And uh when the
56:11
project first started uh we had by and large the team consisted of people who
56:17
were over 60 and only the students who graduated from university are between 30 and 40.
56:25
It's just that it wasn't there. Yes, in general there were no people of this age. Uh at the moment we actually now
56:33
have all ages represented. We have a good young and strong team.
56:40
Thank you very much friends. If you have any more questions if not then uh Andre I think
56:46
we can thank you with applause for today's lecture. It is very proud and great to listen to such wonderful
56:52
material. It seems to me that this is a very good and cool future. We have many more lectures planned.
56:59
You can find out about this on the website in DNx or sign up through our bot. So come to us, study, watch. We
57:08
will be glad to see everyone. Goodbye. Thank you very much, especially those who were on our broadcast. And goodbye
57:14
to everyone until we meet again.