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you are now listening to the ials
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podcast learn from cheors and ex-
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examiners who are masters of ey outs
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preparation your host Ben
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Worthington topic specific vocabulary to
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boost your lexical resource score hi
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there my name is Ben Worthington and in
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this tutorial we are diving into the
0:30
topic of microplastics and ocean
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contamination that's a bizarre topic you
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I hear you think well that's exactly why
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we chose it it's because it's a very
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valuable topic for you to use when we're
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talking about pollution specifically
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ocean pollution or Global problems or
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pollution and it's a topic that you're
0:58
probably might not be so familiar with
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the typical one of those I topics where
1:04
your mind goes blank so that's why I
1:07
decided to choose this topic after this
1:10
tutorial you will be more familiar with
1:13
it we're going to look at some specific
1:16
topic topic specific collocations you
1:19
can use in your essay we're going to
1:22
look at some model speaking answers and
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it's probably less likely that you're
1:30
going to be talking about microplastics
1:32
and ocean pollution in the speaking exam
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however it's good just to hear this
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vocabulary again and hear these
1:41
arguments and hear these positions that
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adopt just like as a third or fourth
1:48
time to help you consolidate your
1:50
learning and also just hear them in
1:54
context we are also going to look at the
1:58
pros and cons so as to build a more
2:00
solid position when you are using this
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vocabulary and finally I'm going to
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share with you a grammatical feature
2:10
called the ACT uh called the passive
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voice and how to use it and some example
2:15
sentences because this is extremely
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useful for academic writing and
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exceptionally useful for processes for
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explaining processes which again is
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going to be useful for those doing I
2:29
academic if you get one of those charts
2:32
where you have to describe what's going
2:35
on and finally this is a jam-packed
2:39
lesson finally I'm going to share with
2:41
you a technique to boost your vocabulary
2:45
so if you know a word a single word I'm
2:48
going to give you uh a technique you can
2:52
to expand the usage of the word or
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expand sort of like the variations of
3:00
and this is powerful because it's not
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sort of like a few lines that you
3:04
memorize it's a formula you can use and
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then apply it to other uh other words
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and then get like eight more variations
3:15
of that word eight more uses of that
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word more or less uh so it's going to
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exponentially increase your
3:23
vocabulary uh resource so the amount of
3:26
words that you know through a formula
3:30
and formulas are almost like shortcuts
3:32
so let's jump into it let me first
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explain what the this argument or what
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this topic is about basically factories
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and and governments and whatever
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basically societies are dumping waste
3:48
into rivers into oceans this is all
3:51
getting washed out to
3:53
seea and it's all getting with the
3:56
movement of the currents all this waste
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a lot of it is plastic it's not getting
4:00
broken down in the typical traditional
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way because it can't be it's like
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plastic so what's happening is with all
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the currents all the tides and
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everything it's getting grounded and
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grounded and grounded into smaller and
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smaller particles and these particles
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plastic particles are
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now basically in the food chain because
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they they get grounded down to such a
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tiny fragments that little animals are
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eating them when they eat some algae and
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then the humans us we will eat these
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animals that go up the food chain I
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don't know the shrimp eats the algae
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which has got the plastic in then the
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fish eats the shrimp then we catch the
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shrimp and then the shrimp is now in the
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and its plastic is now on our table at
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dinner time very briefly and most of
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this plastic Just One Last Thing most of
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accumulating in a specific area called
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the Pacific Garbage Patch where all this
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waste accumulates it all gets grounded
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down into tiny tiny tiny pieces and the
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size of this Pacific Garbage Patch is
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1.6 million square kilm 1.6 square
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79,000 tons of ocean plastic
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Madness absolute Madness and 1.6 million
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square kilometers is definitely bigger
5:38
than the United Kingdom it's roughly
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maybe um half the size of the United
5:45
States so this is absolutely gigantic
5:52
problem let's jump into the passive
5:55
voice for describing processes or
5:58
passive voice in in general so the best
6:01
way to teach you or to share with you
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this these sentence structures are with
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some examples so the first one
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microplastic contamination has been
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oceans this is the passive voice because
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the action finding microplastic
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contamination is done by an unspecified
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agent we don't actually
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know what who is is doing this the
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active voice researchers have found
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microplastic contamination in all major
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oceans next one microplastics are
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discharged into rivers daily this is the
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passive voice because the action of
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microplastics is performed by somebody
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we don't know microplastics are
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discharged into the rivers daily if we
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wanted to make this active voice we have
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to put the subject as the main focus of
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the sentence and now it becomes
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factories or other entities factories
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discharge microplastics into rivers
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daily final example microplastics are
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ingested by marine animals leading to
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issues this is the passive voice the
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action of ingesting microplastics is
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performed by marine animals on the
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subject the active voice version would
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be marine animals ingest microplastics
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leading to health issues
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say um microplastics are ingested by
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marine animals has a subject it does
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have a subject it says um by marine
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animals however that subject is or the
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agent is introduced by the pr
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by now and this makes the focus of the
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sentence is what happens to the
7:58
microplastics rather than on the marine
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animals performing the action so if we
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wanted to change this to the active
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voice as I just said marine animals
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ingest microplastics leading to health
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issues now as a general
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guidance it's far clearer to understand
8:20
an active voice sentence and a lot of
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writers have a disdain have a dislike
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for using the passive voice however
8:30
because this is IELTS it's useful to
8:32
include the passive voice at least just
8:36
once just to show that you know this
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grammatical structure and you can
8:41
incorporate it into your essay and pick
8:43
up points for grammatical range and
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accuracy let's have a look at some of
8:49
your arguments now for the pros and cons
8:53
regarding ocean pollution and
8:55
microplastics now you might be thinking
8:57
what are the pros well well um I'm going
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to look at the pros of basically
9:04
reducing the microplastics okay now
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these pros and cons are useful because
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when you are looking at your I essay uh
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a powerful technique is just to get your
9:15
position crystal clear in your mind get
9:19
your position and from this position you
9:24
arguments let's have a look at some of
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the pros of solving this problem
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marine life is preserved when pollution
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is reduced straightforward beaches are
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kept clean this enhances tourism and
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improves the welfare of the local
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communities the biodiversity is
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protected ensuring the survival of
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species the lifespan of marine flora and
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fora is extended that would probably
9:57
need to be developed a little bit
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further it's not still clear how it
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extended last one the quality of seafood
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is improved as contaminants are removed
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from Marine environments so these are
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like um a range of arguments you could
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use just to say why we should clean up
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this Ocean garbage patch why we should
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stop with this ridiculous process this
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ridiculous activity of polluting the
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what are the cons what are the drawbacks
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of cleaning up all of this mess us
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humans have made well marine ecosystems
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could be disrupted by the necessary
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interventions to clean up the
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pollutants Wildlife might be temporarily
10:51
displaced during these cleanup
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operations similar argument initial
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costs for pollution controlled
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Technologies are quite high this is one
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of my favorite arguments going to the
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cost side of things uh we can then learn
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a ton of vocabulary related to costs and
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we can talk about government costs
11:11
company costs cost of Technology very
11:18
um technological solutions may lead to
11:21
unintended ecological side
11:24
effects public resistance can delay or
11:26
complicate implementation of necessary
11:30
so these are all the cons related to
11:32
cleaning up legal and bureaucratic
11:35
challenges can impede Swift action so
11:38
there's plenty of cons here and we can
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use this on the reverse side of the
11:43
argument now before I share this
11:46
technique of expanding your vocabulary
11:50
that I mentioned a few minutes ago let's
11:52
have a look at some topic specific Co
11:54
collocations and let's just look at them
11:57
directly in the natural environment in a
12:00
sentence and later in a few minutes
12:02
we'll look at them in speaking questions
12:06
and answers mainly answers so this T so
12:11
the typical sentences or model sentences
12:14
would be microplastic contamination is
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often described as pervasive across
12:25
contamination by climate change Marine
12:28
ecosystem disruption is
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exasperated through government funding
12:35
pollution reduction initiatives are
12:39
supported from Industrial Waste toxic
12:41
substance removal is achieved in Europe
12:46
Regulatory Compliance is enforced
12:50
strictly on Coastal communities the
12:53
public health impact of pollutants is
12:57
extensively in schools Environmental
13:00
Education programs are introduced so a
13:03
whole range there if you go to this
13:06
tutorial if you're on our
13:09
newsletter you will get this whole
13:11
tutorial or the link to the entire
13:13
tutorial in your inbox and I strongly
13:16
recommend you sign up so you can get
13:18
these tutorials and you can just cover
13:21
the information again as I've said a
13:23
million times repetition is the mother
13:25
of all learning and this is insanely
13:28
true for language learning it's a
13:30
process of repetition just hearing these
13:33
words hearing this vocabulary using this
13:36
vocabulary to the point where it becomes
13:38
an unconscious part of your lexical
13:41
resource and when it gets to this point
13:46
naturally let's just have a look at the
13:49
speaking part of three questions and
13:51
model answers and then I will share this
13:53
technique to boost your vocabulary once
14:01
typical question not so much it's not a
14:03
typical question um but it's in the
14:06
style of a typical question it's not a
14:08
typical question because it's a little
14:11
specific and it's quite unlikely you get
14:14
such a specific question however the
14:16
style of the question is typical so why
14:20
is ocean pollution considered one of the
14:24
concerns model answer ocean pollution is
14:27
seen as a major concern because it
14:29
affects every aspect of marine life and
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even impacts human health the public
14:35
health impact is significant as toxins
14:37
are absorbed by Seafood consumed by
14:40
people this is addressed through various
14:42
cleanup operation efficiencies which are
14:45
vital to mitigate the problem I know an
14:49
ior who loves that word mitigate and
14:52
quite rightly it is a very useful word
14:55
should governments invest more in
14:57
technology to combat ocean
15:00
pollution absolutely governments should
15:02
increase their investment in technology
15:04
to combat ocean pollution technologies
15:07
that enable toxic substance removal and
15:10
ensure Regulatory Compliance are
15:12
particularly beneficial such Investments
15:15
are not just about cleaning up they're
15:17
about future proofing our
15:25
very um very very sure that using a word
15:29
a little phrase like future proofing
15:31
will pick up some points it's one of
15:33
those higher level terms and definitely
15:37
useful how can individuals contribute to
15:41
pollution individuals can contribute by
15:44
reducing the use of plastics and
15:47
supporting Environmental Education
15:49
programs each small action when combined
15:52
can lead to significant environmental
15:56
improvements for example just as a side
15:59
note if you're one of these students
16:01
that struggle to extend their answers in
16:03
the speaking or even in the writing
16:05
examples are your best friend in our
16:09
course we've got a whole module about
16:11
giving examples um specifically for the
16:14
writing but once you learn it for the
16:16
writing it's very easy to adapt to the
16:20
speaking now we're running out of time
16:22
so I'm just going to fast forward to
16:26
the uh technique I want to share with
16:29
you about expanding your vocabulary so
16:33
let's just have a look at the word
16:36
contaminate now the root of this word is
16:40
it comes from La Latin um and the root
16:43
of the word is contaminar which means to
16:49
corrupt we've got the verb
16:52
contaminate this makes this means uh to
16:55
make something impure or unsuitable
17:00
Often by contact or mixture with
17:03
something unclean or
17:07
harmful the water supply was
17:09
contaminated by Industrial Waste or be
17:13
careful not to contam contaminate the
17:18
equipment let's have a look now at this
17:21
technique so we're quite familiar with
17:23
this word contaminate we can make it
17:26
into a noun and we can
17:29
uh the noun form is contamination and
17:32
this means the act or process of
17:34
contaminating or the state of being
17:37
contaminated so some examples
17:39
contamination of the food can lead to
17:43
issues the lab reported contamination in
17:48
sample now we can look at the noun the
17:52
contaminant a substance that causes
17:56
contamination the river the river was
18:00
contaminants scientists are working to
18:03
remove contaminants from the
18:07
soil let's have a look at the adjective
18:11
contaminated this means made impure or
18:15
unclean by contact or mixture the
18:18
contaminated water was unsafe to drink
18:21
contaminated surfaces should be cleaned
18:25
immediately so we have this root we have
18:29
this word contaminate or
18:31
contamination and we've made it into a
18:33
noun we've made it into um a verb and
18:37
we've got also the adjective forms so
18:39
we've expanded by three the ways we can
18:42
use the word contaminate and it doesn't
18:45
stop there and by the
18:49
way learning the rules of transforming
18:53
words into adjectives into nouns into um
18:57
into different nouns
18:59
will expand your vocabulary but that we
19:01
doesn't stop there with the English
19:03
language we can add prefixes and
19:06
suffixes so in this case we can use D
19:10
which means to remove and we can say
19:14
decontaminate the team worked to
19:17
decontaminate the area after the spill
19:20
now this is exceptionally useful because
19:23
in the I writing and even in the
19:25
speaking if we're using the same words
19:27
all the time we're not going to be
19:29
boosting our electrical resource score
19:32
however if we can just add the prefix or
19:35
if we learn the rules for adding the
19:36
prefix or the suffix now it goes from
19:40
one word and we've M already multiplied
19:43
it by three because we've got the verb
19:45
the noun the adjective and now we've got
19:47
the opposite of that so we can say
19:51
decontaminant and it now we've got six
19:54
version It's improving it's expanding
19:59
exponentially and the same happens by
20:01
adding a suffix to form the noun
20:05
contamination or contaminant as we've
20:07
just looked at um and then we can cont
20:14
sorry we can make forming objectives
20:17
meaning capable of contamin it basically
20:21
means capable of being contaminated
20:25
certain materials are more contam
20:27
contamin than others so just by learning
20:32
these rules the prefixes the suffixes
20:34
the adjective form the noun form uh and
20:39
the verb form we've expanded our
20:44
significantly and a lot of the time once
20:46
you learn the formulas you can start
20:49
guessing these now sometimes it turns
20:52
into a car crash so you need to double
20:55
check when you are checking
20:59
uh when you are guessing sorry because
21:03
work however when you are preparing this
21:06
is the time when you want to be guessing
21:09
exploring when you you know when you set
21:12
yourself an hour to write an i essay uh
21:15
and you're giving yourself time and I I
21:17
say this to all my students I say look
21:20
when you're preparing give yourself time
21:22
give your time give yourself time to
21:24
think of essays uh to think of ideas to
21:29
this is when you want to be making
21:31
mistakes because you can check them
21:33
afterwards now when it comes to exam day
21:37
you really want to be playing it safe
21:39
because you do not want to gamble your
21:40
exam fee but sometimes you know you're
21:44
situation and you might need to guess so
21:47
just go easy on yourself but try to push
21:50
all your guessing and your
21:53
experimentation while you are
21:56
preparing and you heard me say spend an
21:59
hour an hour and a half writing your
22:01
first I task 2 essays and then just
22:04
gradually work up to getting it done in
22:08
40 minutes I mean that's the standard
22:11
rule spend 40 minutes on your task two
22:14
20 minutes on your task
22:16
one right I'm going to wrap this
22:19
tutorial up if you want to get the full
22:22
tutorial you can sign up to the
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newsletter you'll get the tutorial in
22:26
your inbox this one and many
22:29
others and I strongly recommend just go
22:34
and you'll be able to sign up there and
22:37
then you'll get all of this material all
22:39
of these tutorials and as I said before
22:42
just one last thing as I said before
22:44
when you're preparing you can experiment
22:46
and a great tool for your preparation is
22:50
our AI essay check-in tool it's
22:53
completely free you can sign up to our
22:56
uh newsletter you'll get access
22:59
uh you'll get tutorials on how to use it
23:02
and you get feedback which helps you
23:03
improve faster helps you overcome that
23:06
6.5 get you to that band seven so have a
23:09
look at that completely free uh I invite
23:13
you I encourage you I urge you to go
23:16
there IP podcast.com sign up get the
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tutorials for the aisc Checker get the
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tutorials for what you're hearing right
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now and it'll make the whole I process
23:27
of prepar preparing for this beautiful
23:30
exam no sarcasm intended there makes the
23:36
beautiful and just that little bit
23:38
easier because I know it can be quite
23:40
frustrating so that's it for me today
23:42
have a beautiful day all the best and
23:44
good luck with your is exam
24:00
thanks for listening to IP podcast.com
