Up next in 10
You love watching your dog swim. The way they paddle, dive, and pop back up with a wet, happy face makes you smile. But have you ever stopped to wonder what actually happens when their head slips beneath the surface?
Do they hold their breath like we do? Or can dogs breathe underwater (https://doggozila.com/can-dogs-breathe-underwater/) in some magical way that keeps them safe? This episode answers that questiononce and for all.
We will look at the body's automatic reflexes, the latest science, and real research from laboratories around the world.
By the time you finish reading, you will know exactly how your dog survives those few seconds underwater.
You will also learn which breeds need extra help and how to spot trouble before it starts. Let us dive in.
If you want to continue exploring this topic, we recommend to visit the original source article by Doggozila Magazine that is called:
What Happens When Your Beautiful Dogs Breathe Underwater? (https://doggozila.com/can-dogs-breathe-underwater/)
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0:00
Welcome to another episode of the Park
0:01
Welcome to another episode of the Park
0:01
Welcome to another episode of the Park Brigade podcast by Dogazilla Magazine.
0:03
Brigade podcast by Dogazilla Magazine.
0:03
Brigade podcast by Dogazilla Magazine. >> It's great to be here.
0:04
>> It's great to be here.
0:04
>> It's great to be here. >> So, I want you to just, you know,
0:06
>> So, I want you to just, you know,
0:06
>> So, I want you to just, you know, picture this for a second.
0:08
picture this for a second.
0:08
picture this for a second. >> You are standing right at the edge of a
0:10
>> You are standing right at the edge of a
0:10
>> You are standing right at the edge of a sunlit lake or um maybe you're just
0:14
sunlit lake or um maybe you're just
0:14
sunlit lake or um maybe you're just hanging out by the deep end of your
0:15
hanging out by the deep end of your
0:15
hanging out by the deep end of your backyard pool.
0:17
backyard pool.
0:17
backyard pool. >> Oh, yeah. The classic summer scenario.
0:19
>> Oh, yeah. The classic summer scenario.
0:19
>> Oh, yeah. The classic summer scenario. >> Exactly. It's one of those perfect,
0:21
>> Exactly. It's one of those perfect,
0:21
>> Exactly. It's one of those perfect, gorgeous summer afternoons. And you've
0:23
gorgeous summer afternoons. And you've
0:23
gorgeous summer afternoons. And you've got your dog's absolute favorite, holy
0:26
got your dog's absolute favorite, holy
0:26
got your dog's absolute favorite, holy gross, just slobbercovered tennis ball
0:28
gross, just slobbercovered tennis ball
0:28
gross, just slobbercovered tennis ball in your hand.
0:29
in your hand.
0:29
in your hand. >> We all know that specific ball,
0:31
>> We all know that specific ball,
0:31
>> We all know that specific ball, >> right? The one that's barely green
0:32
>> right? The one that's barely green
0:32
>> right? The one that's barely green anymore. So, you rear back, you give it
0:35
anymore. So, you rear back, you give it
0:35
anymore. So, you rear back, you give it a massive throw, and you watch it arc
0:37
a massive throw, and you watch it arc
0:37
a massive throw, and you watch it arc through the air and splash down maybe
0:38
through the air and splash down maybe
0:38
through the air and splash down maybe just, you know, a little farther out
0:40
just, you know, a little farther out
0:40
just, you know, a little farther out than you actually intended,
0:41
than you actually intended,
0:41
than you actually intended, >> which always happens.
0:42
>> which always happens.
0:42
>> which always happens. >> Always. But your dog, they don't even
0:45
>> Always. But your dog, they don't even
0:45
>> Always. But your dog, they don't even hesitate without missing a single beat.
0:47
hesitate without missing a single beat.
0:47
hesitate without missing a single beat. They launch off the edge. They hit the
0:49
They launch off the edge. They hit the
0:49
They launch off the edge. They hit the water, paddling furiously, homing right
0:51
water, paddling furiously, homing right
0:52
water, paddling furiously, homing right in on that neon target. And then
0:54
in on that neon target. And then
0:54
in on that neon target. And then >> the dive.
0:55
>> the dive.
0:55
>> the dive. >> Yes, the dive. For just a few seconds,
0:57
>> Yes, the dive. For just a few seconds,
0:57
>> Yes, the dive. For just a few seconds, they go under. Their entire face, the
0:59
they go under. Their entire face, the
0:59
they go under. Their entire face, the ears, the nose, the jowls, just
1:01
ears, the nose, the jowls, just
1:01
ears, the nose, the jowls, just everything is completely submerged.
1:03
everything is completely submerged.
1:03
everything is completely submerged. >> It's a full-on submarine move.
1:05
>> It's a full-on submarine move.
1:05
>> It's a full-on submarine move. >> It really is. They vanish under the
1:07
>> It really is. They vanish under the
1:07
>> It really is. They vanish under the surface, leaving nothing but this like
1:09
surface, leaving nothing but this like
1:09
surface, leaving nothing but this like this trail of little bubbles, only to
1:12
this trail of little bubbles, only to
1:12
this trail of little bubbles, only to pop back up a few seconds later, looking
1:14
pop back up a few seconds later, looking
1:14
pop back up a few seconds later, looking unbelievably thrilled. They cough out a
1:16
unbelievably thrilled. They cough out a
1:16
unbelievably thrilled. They cough out a little spray of water. The toy is
1:18
little spray of water. The toy is
1:18
little spray of water. The toy is securely clamped in their jaws. But you
1:21
securely clamped in their jaws. But you
1:21
securely clamped in their jaws. But you know, in that brief submerged moment, a
1:24
know, in that brief submerged moment, a
1:24
know, in that brief submerged moment, a question flashes through your mind.
1:26
question flashes through your mind.
1:26
question flashes through your mind. >> The ultimate question.
1:27
>> The ultimate question.
1:27
>> The ultimate question. >> The ultimate question that I think
1:28
>> The ultimate question that I think
1:28
>> The ultimate question that I think almost every single dog owner has had at
1:31
almost every single dog owner has had at
1:31
almost every single dog owner has had at some point when watching their furry
1:33
some point when watching their furry
1:33
some point when watching their furry best friend do this. Can they actually
1:35
best friend do this. Can they actually
1:35
best friend do this. Can they actually breathe down there?
1:36
breathe down there?
1:36
breathe down there? >> It's um it's such a naturally compelling
1:39
>> It's um it's such a naturally compelling
1:39
>> It's um it's such a naturally compelling question, isn't it? Especially when you
1:40
question, isn't it? Especially when you
1:40
question, isn't it? Especially when you watch certain breeds in the water.
1:42
watch certain breeds in the water.
1:42
watch certain breeds in the water. >> Absolutely. you see like a retriever or
1:44
>> Absolutely. you see like a retriever or
1:44
>> Absolutely. you see like a retriever or a spananiel go under and they don't look
1:46
a spananiel go under and they don't look
1:46
a spananiel go under and they don't look like they're in a state of blind panic.
1:49
like they're in a state of blind panic.
1:49
like they're in a state of blind panic. >> No, not at all.
1:50
>> No, not at all.
1:50
>> No, not at all. >> Right. They aren't flailing. They look
1:52
>> Right. They aren't flailing. They look
1:52
>> Right. They aren't flailing. They look incredibly comfortable, almost serene,
1:54
incredibly comfortable, almost serene,
1:54
incredibly comfortable, almost serene, as if they entirely belong in that
1:56
as if they entirely belong in that
1:56
as if they entirely belong in that aquatic environment.
1:58
aquatic environment.
1:58
aquatic environment. >> Yeah. They look so deeply in their
1:59
>> Yeah. They look so deeply in their
2:00
>> Yeah. They look so deeply in their element that your brain almost, I don't
2:02
element that your brain almost, I don't
2:02
element that your brain almost, I don't know, tricks you into thinking, well,
2:03
know, tricks you into thinking, well,
2:03
know, tricks you into thinking, well, maybe they have some sort of localized
2:05
maybe they have some sort of localized
2:05
maybe they have some sort of localized scuba system hidden in their snout.
2:07
scuba system hidden in their snout.
2:07
scuba system hidden in their snout. >> A built-in scuba system. I love that.
2:10
>> A built-in scuba system. I love that.
2:10
>> A built-in scuba system. I love that. >> Right. And that is exactly what we are
2:12
>> Right. And that is exactly what we are
2:12
>> Right. And that is exactly what we are pulling apart in today's deep dive. We
2:14
pulling apart in today's deep dive. We
2:14
pulling apart in today's deep dive. We have a massive stack of sources today to
2:17
have a massive stack of sources today to
2:17
have a massive stack of sources today to really unpack this.
2:18
really unpack this.
2:18
really unpack this. >> A lot of ground to cover.
2:19
>> A lot of ground to cover.
2:19
>> A lot of ground to cover. >> So much.
2:20
>> So much.
2:20
>> So much. >> Yeah.
2:20
>> Yeah.
2:20
>> Yeah. >> We are pulling heavily from a truly
2:22
>> We are pulling heavily from a truly
2:22
>> We are pulling heavily from a truly fascinating article in Dogazila
2:24
fascinating article in Dogazila
2:24
fascinating article in Dogazila magazine, but we're also digging into
2:27
magazine, but we're also digging into
2:27
magazine, but we're also digging into the grim but honestly incredible world
2:30
the grim but honestly incredible world
2:30
the grim but honestly incredible world of veterinary forensic pathology,
2:32
of veterinary forensic pathology,
2:32
of veterinary forensic pathology, >> which is fascinating on its own.
2:34
>> which is fascinating on its own.
2:34
>> which is fascinating on its own. >> It really is. And later, we're even
2:36
>> It really is. And later, we're even
2:36
>> It really is. And later, we're even going to look at some honestly
2:37
going to look at some honestly
2:37
going to look at some honestly mindbending
2:39
mindbending
2:39
mindbending Russian laboratory experiments from a
2:41
Russian laboratory experiments from a
2:41
Russian laboratory experiments from a few years ago.
2:41
few years ago.
2:41
few years ago. >> Oh, those are wild.
2:42
>> Oh, those are wild.
2:42
>> Oh, those are wild. >> Or really science fiction stuff. Our
2:45
>> Or really science fiction stuff. Our
2:45
>> Or really science fiction stuff. Our overall mission today is to completely
2:47
overall mission today is to completely
2:47
overall mission today is to completely unpack the hidden, almost alien biology
2:49
unpack the hidden, almost alien biology
2:49
unpack the hidden, almost alien biology of a dog's airway.
2:51
of a dog's airway.
2:51
of a dog's airway. >> Yeah.
2:51
>> Yeah.
2:51
>> Yeah. >> We want to separate the stubborn myths
2:53
>> We want to separate the stubborn myths
2:53
>> We want to separate the stubborn myths from the actual scientific reality. And
2:55
from the actual scientific reality. And
2:55
from the actual scientific reality. And most importantly, we want to arm you,
2:57
most importantly, we want to arm you,
2:57
most importantly, we want to arm you, the listener, with the crucial safety
2:59
the listener, with the crucial safety
2:59
the listener, with the crucial safety knowledge you need for your water loving
3:01
knowledge you need for your water loving
3:01
knowledge you need for your water loving pup.
3:01
pup.
3:01
pup. >> Because the stakes are incredibly high.
3:03
>> Because the stakes are incredibly high.
3:03
>> Because the stakes are incredibly high. >> They really are. Because as we found out
3:05
>> They really are. Because as we found out
3:05
>> They really are. Because as we found out in the research, the water is hiding
3:06
in the research, the water is hiding
3:06
in the research, the water is hiding some pretty significant dangers.
3:09
some pretty significant dangers.
3:09
some pretty significant dangers. But you know, I hate keeping people in
3:11
But you know, I hate keeping people in
3:11
But you know, I hate keeping people in suspense. So, let's just lay the
3:13
suspense. So, let's just lay the
3:13
suspense. So, let's just lay the absolute foundation right out of the
3:14
absolute foundation right out of the
3:14
absolute foundation right out of the gate.
3:14
gate.
3:14
gate. >> Let's do it.
3:15
>> Let's do it.
3:15
>> Let's do it. >> We see them dive. Can they breathe
3:17
>> We see them dive. Can they breathe
3:17
>> We see them dive. Can they breathe underwater?
3:18
underwater?
3:18
underwater? >> I can answer that with absolute
3:20
>> I can answer that with absolute
3:20
>> I can answer that with absolute uncompromising certainty right now. No.
3:22
uncompromising certainty right now. No.
3:22
uncompromising certainty right now. No. >> Hard no.
3:23
>> Hard no.
3:23
>> Hard no. >> Hard no. Dogs absolutely cannot breathe
3:26
>> Hard no. Dogs absolutely cannot breathe
3:26
>> Hard no. Dogs absolutely cannot breathe underwater. They are purely terrestrial
3:28
underwater. They are purely terrestrial
3:28
underwater. They are purely terrestrial mammals,
3:28
mammals,
3:28
mammals, >> just like us.
3:29
>> just like us.
3:29
>> just like us. >> Exactly like us. They are fundamentally
3:32
>> Exactly like us. They are fundamentally
3:32
>> Exactly like us. They are fundamentally built for the air, possessing lungs that
3:34
built for the air, possessing lungs that
3:34
built for the air, possessing lungs that require oxygen to be delivered in a
3:36
require oxygen to be delivered in a
3:36
require oxygen to be delivered in a gaseous form exactly the same way ours
3:39
gaseous form exactly the same way ours
3:39
gaseous form exactly the same way ours do.
3:39
do.
3:39
do. >> Okay.
3:39
>> Okay.
3:39
>> Okay. >> However, while the answer to your core
3:42
>> However, while the answer to your core
3:42
>> However, while the answer to your core question is a hard no, the actual
3:44
question is a hard no, the actual
3:44
question is a hard no, the actual mechanisms, I mean, the way their bodies
3:46
mechanisms, I mean, the way their bodies
3:46
mechanisms, I mean, the way their bodies adapt, the literal millisecond their
3:48
adapt, the literal millisecond their
3:48
adapt, the literal millisecond their nose dips below that surface is nothing
3:51
nose dips below that surface is nothing
3:51
nose dips below that surface is nothing short of a biological masterpiece.
3:53
short of a biological masterpiece.
3:53
short of a biological masterpiece. >> A masterpiece. Wow.
3:54
>> A masterpiece. Wow.
3:54
>> A masterpiece. Wow. >> It really is. The cascade of
3:56
>> It really is. The cascade of
3:56
>> It really is. The cascade of neurological and physical responses that
3:58
neurological and physical responses that
3:58
neurological and physical responses that activate to keep them alive are
4:00
activate to keep them alive are
4:00
activate to keep them alive are incredibly complex and highly evolved.
4:02
incredibly complex and highly evolved.
4:02
incredibly complex and highly evolved. >> Okay, I'm so glad we're starting here
4:04
>> Okay, I'm so glad we're starting here
4:04
>> Okay, I'm so glad we're starting here because I know for a fact there are
4:05
because I know for a fact there are
4:05
because I know for a fact there are listeners right now who are shaking
4:07
listeners right now who are shaking
4:07
listeners right now who are shaking their heads at their speakers.
4:08
their heads at their speakers.
4:08
their heads at their speakers. >> Oh, they're probably arguing with us
4:09
>> Oh, they're probably arguing with us
4:10
>> Oh, they're probably arguing with us right now.
4:10
right now.
4:10
right now. >> 100%. They're pointing at their own
4:12
>> 100%. They're pointing at their own
4:12
>> 100%. They're pointing at their own golden retriever and saying, "Hold on. I
4:15
golden retriever and saying, "Hold on. I
4:15
golden retriever and saying, "Hold on. I am watching my dog dive to the bottom of
4:18
am watching my dog dive to the bottom of
4:18
am watching my dog dive to the bottom of the kitty pool for a dive ring and I see
4:21
the kitty pool for a dive ring and I see
4:21
the kitty pool for a dive ring and I see a distinct continuous stream of bubbles
4:25
a distinct continuous stream of bubbles
4:25
a distinct continuous stream of bubbles coming right out of their nose.
4:26
coming right out of their nose.
4:26
coming right out of their nose. >> The famous bubble argument,
4:27
>> The famous bubble argument,
4:27
>> The famous bubble argument, >> right? They're like, "If you're telling
4:29
>> right? They're like, "If you're telling
4:29
>> right? They're like, "If you're telling me they aren't breathing out, where on
4:30
me they aren't breathing out, where on
4:30
me they aren't breathing out, where on earth are the bubbles coming from?" And
4:32
earth are the bubbles coming from?" And
4:32
earth are the bubbles coming from?" And I'll admit, when I first started reading
4:34
I'll admit, when I first started reading
4:34
I'll admit, when I first started reading the source material for this deep dive,
4:36
the source material for this deep dive,
4:36
the source material for this deep dive, this felt like the ultimate illusion to
4:38
this felt like the ultimate illusion to
4:38
this felt like the ultimate illusion to me. It looks exactly like an exhalation.
4:40
me. It looks exactly like an exhalation.
4:40
me. It looks exactly like an exhalation. >> It is a brilliantly convincing illusion.
4:43
>> It is a brilliantly convincing illusion.
4:43
>> It is a brilliantly convincing illusion. It really is and it fools almost
4:45
It really is and it fools almost
4:45
It really is and it fools almost everybody. But to understand why those
4:47
everybody. But to understand why those
4:47
everybody. But to understand why those bubbles are entirely misleading, we have
4:50
bubbles are entirely misleading, we have
4:50
bubbles are entirely misleading, we have to um we actually have to visualize the
4:53
to um we actually have to visualize the
4:53
to um we actually have to visualize the physical reality of the canine airway.
4:55
physical reality of the canine airway.
4:55
physical reality of the canine airway. >> Okay, break it down for us.
4:56
>> Okay, break it down for us.
4:56
>> Okay, break it down for us. >> We need to look at a very specific tiny
4:59
>> We need to look at a very specific tiny
4:59
>> We need to look at a very specific tiny piece of anatomy called the epiglatus.
5:01
piece of anatomy called the epiglatus.
5:01
piece of anatomy called the epiglatus. >> Right. The epiglatus. I vaguely remember
5:03
>> Right. The epiglatus. I vaguely remember
5:04
>> Right. The epiglatus. I vaguely remember that word from like high school biology.
5:06
that word from like high school biology.
5:06
that word from like high school biology. It's a little flap in the throat. Right.
5:08
It's a little flap in the throat. Right.
5:08
It's a little flap in the throat. Right. >> Exactly. It's a small leafshaped flap of
5:11
>> Exactly. It's a small leafshaped flap of
5:11
>> Exactly. It's a small leafshaped flap of cartilage. It sits right at the mood of
5:13
cartilage. It sits right at the mood of
5:13
cartilage. It sits right at the mood of the tongue positioned perfectly above
5:15
the tongue positioned perfectly above
5:15
the tongue positioned perfectly above the larynx.
5:15
the larynx.
5:15
the larynx. >> And the larynx is
5:16
>> And the larynx is
5:16
>> And the larynx is >> you can think of it as the primary
5:18
>> you can think of it as the primary
5:18
>> you can think of it as the primary gateway or funnel leading down into the
5:21
gateway or funnel leading down into the
5:21
gateway or funnel leading down into the windpipe and eventually the lungs.
5:23
windpipe and eventually the lungs.
5:23
windpipe and eventually the lungs. >> Okay, got it.
5:24
>> Okay, got it.
5:24
>> Okay, got it. >> Now, the absolute split second, a dog's
5:27
>> Now, the absolute split second, a dog's
5:27
>> Now, the absolute split second, a dog's nose is submerged. A hardwired
5:29
nose is submerged. A hardwired
5:29
nose is submerged. A hardwired neurological trigger fires off. That
5:31
neurological trigger fires off. That
5:31
neurological trigger fires off. That epiglotus doesn't just, you know,
5:33
epiglotus doesn't just, you know,
5:33
epiglotus doesn't just, you know, casually drift close.
5:34
casually drift close.
5:34
casually drift close. >> It doesn't just sort of float shut.
5:36
>> It doesn't just sort of float shut.
5:36
>> It doesn't just sort of float shut. >> No, it forcefully slams shut over the
5:38
>> No, it forcefully slams shut over the
5:38
>> No, it forcefully slams shut over the opening of the windpipe. It forms a
5:40
opening of the windpipe. It forms a
5:40
opening of the windpipe. It forms a rigid physical barricade.
5:43
rigid physical barricade.
5:43
rigid physical barricade. >> Wow.
5:43
>> Wow.
5:43
>> Wow. >> Yeah. It essentially locks down the
5:45
>> Yeah. It essentially locks down the
5:45
>> Yeah. It essentially locks down the respiratory tract, completely separating
5:47
respiratory tract, completely separating
5:47
respiratory tract, completely separating it from the digestive tract and the
5:48
it from the digestive tract and the
5:48
it from the digestive tract and the outside water.
5:49
outside water.
5:49
outside water. >> So, it really acts like a watertight
5:51
>> So, it really acts like a watertight
5:51
>> So, it really acts like a watertight vault door. The sensors trip and the
5:53
vault door. The sensors trip and the
5:53
vault door. The sensors trip and the heavy steel door just drops into place
5:55
heavy steel door just drops into place
5:55
heavy steel door just drops into place and locks down.
5:56
and locks down.
5:56
and locks down. >> That's a highly accurate way to
5:58
>> That's a highly accurate way to
5:58
>> That's a highly accurate way to visualize it. And because that
6:00
visualize it. And because that
6:00
visualize it. And because that biological vault bore is locked so
6:02
biological vault bore is locked so
6:02
biological vault bore is locked so tightly, air obviously cannot get into
6:04
tightly, air obviously cannot get into
6:04
tightly, air obviously cannot get into the lungs, but crucially, air cannot get
6:06
the lungs, but crucially, air cannot get
6:06
the lungs, but crucially, air cannot get out of the lungs either.
6:07
out of the lungs either.
6:07
out of the lungs either. >> Okay. Okay, so that brings me right back
6:08
>> Okay. Okay, so that brings me right back
6:08
>> Okay. Okay, so that brings me right back to my bubble problem then,
6:09
to my bubble problem then,
6:09
to my bubble problem then, >> right?
6:10
>> right?
6:10
>> right? >> If the vault door is totally sealed and
6:12
>> If the vault door is totally sealed and
6:12
>> If the vault door is totally sealed and the lungs aren't releasing any air
6:13
the lungs aren't releasing any air
6:14
the lungs aren't releasing any air whatsoever, what is actually creating
6:16
whatsoever, what is actually creating
6:16
whatsoever, what is actually creating that bubble trail that makes us all
6:17
that bubble trail that makes us all
6:17
that bubble trail that makes us all swear they are exhaling underwater?
6:19
swear they are exhaling underwater?
6:20
swear they are exhaling underwater? >> You have to think about a dog's facial
6:22
>> You have to think about a dog's facial
6:22
>> You have to think about a dog's facial structure, which is wildly different
6:24
structure, which is wildly different
6:24
structure, which is wildly different from ours.
6:25
from ours.
6:25
from ours. >> Yeah, they have a lot more going on up
6:26
>> Yeah, they have a lot more going on up
6:26
>> Yeah, they have a lot more going on up there.
6:27
there.
6:27
there. >> Think about all the complex anatomical
6:29
>> Think about all the complex anatomical
6:29
>> Think about all the complex anatomical architecture on a dog's face. The deep
6:32
architecture on a dog's face. The deep
6:32
architecture on a dog's face. The deep convoluted folds of the nasal cavity,
6:35
convoluted folds of the nasal cavity,
6:35
convoluted folds of the nasal cavity, the heavy jowls, the loose floppy lips,
6:38
the heavy jowls, the loose floppy lips,
6:38
the heavy jowls, the loose floppy lips, the little pockets in their cheeks.
6:40
the little pockets in their cheeks.
6:40
the little pockets in their cheeks. >> Oh, sure. Especially on like a mastiff
6:41
>> Oh, sure. Especially on like a mastiff
6:41
>> Oh, sure. Especially on like a mastiff or a blood hound.
6:42
or a blood hound.
6:42
or a blood hound. >> Exactly. When a dog is just standing on
6:45
>> Exactly. When a dog is just standing on
6:45
>> Exactly. When a dog is just standing on the grass breathing air, normally air
6:48
the grass breathing air, normally air
6:48
the grass breathing air, normally air naturally seeps into and fills all those
6:50
naturally seeps into and fills all those
6:50
naturally seeps into and fills all those superficial little anatomical pockets.
6:52
superficial little anatomical pockets.
6:52
superficial little anatomical pockets. >> Oh, I see where this is going.
6:54
>> Oh, I see where this is going.
6:54
>> Oh, I see where this is going. >> Right. When the dog suddenly plunges
6:56
>> Right. When the dog suddenly plunges
6:56
>> Right. When the dog suddenly plunges into the pool, the physical pressure of
6:58
into the pool, the physical pressure of
6:58
into the pool, the physical pressure of the water pushes aggressively against
7:00
the water pushes aggressively against
7:00
the water pushes aggressively against those spaces. The water rushes in and
7:03
those spaces. The water rushes in and
7:03
those spaces. The water rushes in and the trapped air simply has to escape.
7:05
the trapped air simply has to escape.
7:05
the trapped air simply has to escape. >> It has nowhere else to go.
7:07
>> It has nowhere else to go.
7:07
>> It has nowhere else to go. >> Exactly. So, it gets pushed out of the
7:09
>> Exactly. So, it gets pushed out of the
7:09
>> Exactly. So, it gets pushed out of the jowls and the nasal folds, floating up
7:11
jowls and the nasal folds, floating up
7:11
jowls and the nasal folds, floating up to the surface as bubbles.
7:12
to the surface as bubbles.
7:12
to the surface as bubbles. >> That makes so much sense when you
7:13
>> That makes so much sense when you
7:14
>> That makes so much sense when you picture it that way. It's honestly just
7:15
picture it that way. It's honestly just
7:15
picture it that way. It's honestly just like taking an empty plastic cup,
7:18
like taking an empty plastic cup,
7:18
like taking an empty plastic cup, slipping it completely upside down, and
7:19
slipping it completely upside down, and
7:19
slipping it completely upside down, and pushing it straight down into a sink
7:21
pushing it straight down into a sink
7:21
pushing it straight down into a sink full of dish water.
7:22
full of dish water.
7:22
full of dish water. >> That's a perfect analogy,
7:24
>> That's a perfect analogy,
7:24
>> That's a perfect analogy, >> right? Because as you push it down, the
7:26
>> right? Because as you push it down, the
7:26
>> right? Because as you push it down, the water pressure forces some of the air to
7:28
water pressure forces some of the air to
7:28
water pressure forces some of the air to bubble out around the rim of the cup,
7:30
bubble out around the rim of the cup,
7:30
bubble out around the rim of the cup, but the cup itself obviously isn't
7:32
but the cup itself obviously isn't
7:32
but the cup itself obviously isn't breathing or producing new air,
7:33
breathing or producing new air,
7:34
breathing or producing new air, >> right? It's just displacing what's
7:35
>> right? It's just displacing what's
7:35
>> right? It's just displacing what's already there.
7:36
already there.
7:36
already there. >> Yeah. It's just displacing the air that
7:38
>> Yeah. It's just displacing the air that
7:38
>> Yeah. It's just displacing the air that was already trapped inside his shape.
7:40
was already trapped inside his shape.
7:40
was already trapped inside his shape. >> That is the perfect analogy to keep in
7:42
>> That is the perfect analogy to keep in
7:42
>> That is the perfect analogy to keep in your head. The dog's face is the upside
7:45
your head. The dog's face is the upside
7:45
your head. The dog's face is the upside down cup.
7:46
down cup.
7:46
down cup. >> The upside down cup. I love that.
7:47
>> The upside down cup. I love that.
7:47
>> The upside down cup. I love that. >> The air is merely evacuating the
7:49
>> The air is merely evacuating the
7:49
>> The air is merely evacuating the superficial folds of the face due to
7:51
superficial folds of the face due to
7:51
superficial folds of the face due to water pressure. But deep down inside the
7:54
water pressure. But deep down inside the
7:54
water pressure. But deep down inside the throat, past the jowls and the nasal
7:57
throat, past the jowls and the nasal
7:57
throat, past the jowls and the nasal cavity, that vault door, the epiglatus
8:00
cavity, that vault door, the epiglatus
8:00
cavity, that vault door, the epiglatus is sealed entirely shut. Nothing is
8:02
is sealed entirely shut. Nothing is
8:02
is sealed entirely shut. Nothing is passing through.
8:04
passing through.
8:04
passing through. >> Okay, but let me push on this a little
8:05
>> Okay, but let me push on this a little
8:05
>> Okay, but let me push on this a little bit because I am picturing a real world
8:07
bit because I am picturing a real world
8:07
bit because I am picturing a real world scenario.
8:08
scenario.
8:08
scenario. >> Sure,
8:08
>> Sure,
8:08
>> Sure, >> we are talking about dogs in motion
8:09
>> we are talking about dogs in motion
8:09
>> we are talking about dogs in motion here. They aren't statues. They are
8:11
here. They aren't statues. They are
8:11
here. They aren't statues. They are swimming vigorously. Their heads are
8:13
swimming vigorously. Their heads are
8:13
swimming vigorously. Their heads are thrashing around. They're actively
8:15
thrashing around. They're actively
8:15
thrashing around. They're actively opening their mouths underwater to bite
8:16
opening their mouths underwater to bite
8:16
opening their mouths underwater to bite down on a sinking tennis ball.
8:18
down on a sinking tennis ball.
8:18
down on a sinking tennis ball. >> Right. There's a lot of mechanical
8:19
>> Right. There's a lot of mechanical
8:19
>> Right. There's a lot of mechanical stress.
8:20
stress.
8:20
stress. >> Exactly. It seems impossible to me that
8:22
>> Exactly. It seems impossible to me that
8:22
>> Exactly. It seems impossible to me that this little cartilage flap could be a
8:24
this little cartilage flap could be a
8:24
this little cartilage flap could be a 100% foolproof seal every single time
8:27
100% foolproof seal every single time
8:27
100% foolproof seal every single time under that much mechanical stress. If
8:30
under that much mechanical stress. If
8:30
under that much mechanical stress. If they aren't breathing out to clear the
8:31
they aren't breathing out to clear the
8:31
they aren't breathing out to clear the airway and they are breathing in, what
8:33
airway and they are breathing in, what
8:33
airway and they are breathing in, what actually happens if the dog turns its
8:35
actually happens if the dog turns its
8:35
actually happens if the dog turns its head sharply and just I don't know one
8:38
head sharply and just I don't know one
8:38
head sharply and just I don't know one tiny drop of lake water manages to sneak
8:40
tiny drop of lake water manages to sneak
8:40
tiny drop of lake water manages to sneak past that epiglatus seal.
8:42
past that epiglatus seal.
8:42
past that epiglatus seal. >> That is a fantastic question and it's
8:44
>> That is a fantastic question and it's
8:44
>> That is a fantastic question and it's exactly where the body's secondary
8:47
exactly where the body's secondary
8:47
exactly where the body's secondary almost aggressive defense system kicks
8:48
almost aggressive defense system kicks
8:48
almost aggressive defense system kicks in. A secondary system.
8:50
in. A secondary system.
8:50
in. A secondary system. >> Yes. Dogs possess a hypers sensitive gag
8:53
>> Yes. Dogs possess a hypers sensitive gag
8:53
>> Yes. Dogs possess a hypers sensitive gag reflex. It is infinitely more sensitive
8:55
reflex. It is infinitely more sensitive
8:55
reflex. It is infinitely more sensitive and reactive than ours.
8:56
and reactive than ours.
8:56
and reactive than ours. >> Really more sensitive than a humans.
8:58
>> Really more sensitive than a humans.
8:58
>> Really more sensitive than a humans. >> Oh, absolutely. Just beneath the
9:00
>> Oh, absolutely. Just beneath the
9:00
>> Oh, absolutely. Just beneath the epiglatus sit the vocal cords. And these
9:02
epiglatus sit the vocal cords. And these
9:02
epiglatus sit the vocal cords. And these cords are densely lined with specialized
9:05
cords are densely lined with specialized
9:05
cords are densely lined with specialized highly reactive nerves.
9:06
highly reactive nerves.
9:06
highly reactive nerves. >> So they basically act as a secondary
9:08
>> So they basically act as a secondary
9:08
>> So they basically act as a secondary trip wire.
9:08
trip wire.
9:08
trip wire. >> Precisely. If even a single microscopic
9:11
>> Precisely. If even a single microscopic
9:11
>> Precisely. If even a single microscopic droplet of water manages to bypass the
9:13
droplet of water manages to bypass the
9:13
droplet of water manages to bypass the epiglatus and lands on the tissue of the
9:15
epiglatus and lands on the tissue of the
9:15
epiglatus and lands on the tissue of the vocal cords, those nerves immediately
9:17
vocal cords, those nerves immediately
9:18
vocal cords, those nerves immediately register a critical threat.
9:19
register a critical threat.
9:19
register a critical threat. >> And what happens?
9:20
>> And what happens?
9:20
>> And what happens? >> They trigger a violent instantaneous
9:22
>> They trigger a violent instantaneous
9:22
>> They trigger a violent instantaneous upward muscle spasm in the throat.
9:24
upward muscle spasm in the throat.
9:24
upward muscle spasm in the throat. >> Wait, an upward spasm.
9:26
>> Wait, an upward spasm.
9:26
>> Wait, an upward spasm. >> So the throat doesn't just clamp down
9:27
>> So the throat doesn't just clamp down
9:27
>> So the throat doesn't just clamp down tighter, it actively fights back against
9:30
tighter, it actively fights back against
9:30
tighter, it actively fights back against the water.
9:30
the water.
9:30
the water. >> Yes, it fights back. It essentially
9:32
>> Yes, it fights back. It essentially
9:32
>> Yes, it fights back. It essentially manifests as an explosive, involuntary
9:34
manifests as an explosive, involuntary
9:34
manifests as an explosive, involuntary cough. The muscles forcefully shoot that
9:37
cough. The muscles forcefully shoot that
9:37
cough. The muscles forcefully shoot that invading water droplet upward and
9:39
invading water droplet upward and
9:39
invading water droplet upward and outward, expelling it back into the
9:41
outward, expelling it back into the
9:41
outward, expelling it back into the mouth or out through the nasal cavity
9:42
mouth or out through the nasal cavity
9:42
mouth or out through the nasal cavity before it can even travel a millimeter
9:45
before it can even travel a millimeter
9:45
before it can even travel a millimeter closer to the lower trachea.
9:46
closer to the lower trachea.
9:46
closer to the lower trachea. >> Let alone the lungs.
9:47
>> Let alone the lungs.
9:47
>> Let alone the lungs. >> Exactly. Let alone the delicate lungs.
9:50
>> Exactly. Let alone the delicate lungs.
9:50
>> Exactly. Let alone the delicate lungs. This secondary mechanism is so
9:52
This secondary mechanism is so
9:52
This secondary mechanism is so beautifully fine-tuned that in a normal,
9:55
beautifully fine-tuned that in a normal,
9:55
beautifully fine-tuned that in a normal, healthy, conscious dog, the lungs stay
9:58
healthy, conscious dog, the lungs stay
9:58
healthy, conscious dog, the lungs stay completely bone dry during a dive.
10:01
completely bone dry during a dive.
10:01
completely bone dry during a dive. >> That's amazing. The dog's body treats
10:03
>> That's amazing. The dog's body treats
10:03
>> That's amazing. The dog's body treats that single stray drop of water with the
10:05
that single stray drop of water with the
10:05
that single stray drop of water with the exact same urgency as a life-threatening
10:07
exact same urgency as a life-threatening
10:07
exact same urgency as a life-threatening biological invader.
10:08
biological invader.
10:08
biological invader. >> Okay, so just to put a bow on this
10:10
>> Okay, so just to put a bow on this
10:10
>> Okay, so just to put a bow on this incredible illusion,
10:11
incredible illusion,
10:11
incredible illusion, >> the bubbles we see are basically fake
10:13
>> the bubbles we see are basically fake
10:13
>> the bubbles we see are basically fake news just escaping the gels.
10:15
news just escaping the gels.
10:15
news just escaping the gels. >> Yep. Fake news.
10:16
>> Yep. Fake news.
10:16
>> Yep. Fake news. >> And the main airway vault door is
10:18
>> And the main airway vault door is
10:18
>> And the main airway vault door is securely locked. And if the vault door
10:20
securely locked. And if the vault door
10:20
securely locked. And if the vault door happens to leak even a single drop, the
10:23
happens to leak even a single drop, the
10:23
happens to leak even a single drop, the body physically forcefully ejects it
10:26
body physically forcefully ejects it
10:26
body physically forcefully ejects it back out.
10:26
back out.
10:26
back out. >> You've got it. But, you know, wrapping
10:28
>> You've got it. But, you know, wrapping
10:28
>> You've got it. But, you know, wrapping my head around this raises a much
10:30
my head around this raises a much
10:30
my head around this raises a much bigger, more fundamental question for
10:32
bigger, more fundamental question for
10:32
bigger, more fundamental question for me. Yes. If the dog is physically
10:34
me. Yes. If the dog is physically
10:34
me. Yes. If the dog is physically barricaded from breathing and they are
10:36
barricaded from breathing and they are
10:36
barricaded from breathing and they are aggressively fighting to keep their
10:37
aggressively fighting to keep their
10:38
aggressively fighting to keep their lungs dry, how on earth are they
10:41
lungs dry, how on earth are they
10:41
lungs dry, how on earth are they surviving without fresh oxygen?
10:43
surviving without fresh oxygen?
10:43
surviving without fresh oxygen? >> Ah, yes.
10:45
>> Ah, yes.
10:45
>> Ah, yes. >> Because I have personally seen
10:46
>> Because I have personally seen
10:46
>> Because I have personally seen retrieving breeds stay submerged,
10:49
retrieving breeds stay submerged,
10:49
retrieving breeds stay submerged, searching for a toy in the murky water
10:51
searching for a toy in the murky water
10:51
searching for a toy in the murky water for what feels like an uncomfortably
10:53
for what feels like an uncomfortably
10:53
for what feels like an uncomfortably long time.
10:54
long time.
10:54
long time. >> It can feel like an eternity when you're
10:56
>> It can feel like an eternity when you're
10:56
>> It can feel like an eternity when you're watching them. Exactly. This leads right
10:58
watching them. Exactly. This leads right
10:58
watching them. Exactly. This leads right into the research we found on the body's
10:59
into the research we found on the body's
11:00
into the research we found on the body's hidden autopilot system, which
11:02
hidden autopilot system, which
11:02
hidden autopilot system, which absolutely fascinated me.
11:03
absolutely fascinated me.
11:04
absolutely fascinated me. >> It is truly breathtaking biology. What
11:06
>> It is truly breathtaking biology. What
11:06
>> It is truly breathtaking biology. What you are observing when a retriever stays
11:07
you are observing when a retriever stays
11:07
you are observing when a retriever stays underwater for an extended prolonged
11:09
underwater for an extended prolonged
11:09
underwater for an extended prolonged period isn't just them, you know,
11:11
period isn't just them, you know,
11:11
period isn't just them, you know, holding their breath in the casual way
11:13
holding their breath in the casual way
11:13
holding their breath in the casual way you or I might take a deep breath and
11:14
you or I might take a deep breath and
11:14
you or I might take a deep breath and hold it while swimming the length of a
11:16
hold it while swimming the length of a
11:16
hold it while swimming the length of a pool.
11:16
pool.
11:16
pool. >> Right. Like they aren't just puffing
11:17
>> Right. Like they aren't just puffing
11:17
>> Right. Like they aren't just puffing their cheeks and trying real hard.
11:19
their cheeks and trying real hard.
11:19
their cheeks and trying real hard. >> Exactly. They aren't consciously
11:20
>> Exactly. They aren't consciously
11:20
>> Exactly. They aren't consciously deciding to tough it out. They are
11:22
deciding to tough it out. They are
11:22
deciding to tough it out. They are activating an ancient deeply hardwired
11:25
activating an ancient deeply hardwired
11:25
activating an ancient deeply hardwired biological response known in the
11:27
biological response known in the
11:27
biological response known in the scientific literature as the mamalian
11:29
scientific literature as the mamalian
11:29
scientific literature as the mamalian diving reflex.
11:31
diving reflex.
11:31
diving reflex. >> The mamalian diving reflex. Now, I've
11:33
>> The mamalian diving reflex. Now, I've
11:33
>> The mamalian diving reflex. Now, I've heard this term tossed around in
11:35
heard this term tossed around in
11:35
heard this term tossed around in documentaries about deep sea whales or
11:37
documentaries about deep sea whales or
11:37
documentaries about deep sea whales or seals diving under the Arctic ice.
11:40
seals diving under the Arctic ice.
11:40
seals diving under the Arctic ice. >> The exact same one.
11:41
>> The exact same one.
11:41
>> The exact same one. >> But you're saying the golden retriever
11:42
>> But you're saying the golden retriever
11:42
>> But you're saying the golden retriever taking up half my couch has the exact
11:44
taking up half my couch has the exact
11:44
taking up half my couch has the exact same biological software.
11:45
same biological software.
11:46
same biological software. >> They absolutely do. This reflex is
11:49
>> They absolutely do. This reflex is
11:49
>> They absolutely do. This reflex is present across all mamalian species to
11:51
present across all mamalian species to
11:51
present across all mamalian species to varying degrees. I mean, yes, even
11:53
varying degrees. I mean, yes, even
11:53
varying degrees. I mean, yes, even humans have a version of it, but it is
11:55
humans have a version of it, but it is
11:55
humans have a version of it, but it is incredibly pronounced and efficient in
11:57
incredibly pronounced and efficient in
11:57
incredibly pronounced and efficient in animals that historically dealt with
11:59
animals that historically dealt with
11:59
animals that historically dealt with sudden cold water submersion.
12:00
sudden cold water submersion.
12:00
sudden cold water submersion. >> Oh, it makes sense.
12:01
>> Oh, it makes sense.
12:01
>> Oh, it makes sense. >> I think it's worth tracing the exact
12:03
>> I think it's worth tracing the exact
12:03
>> I think it's worth tracing the exact neurological journey of this reflex
12:05
neurological journey of this reflex
12:05
neurological journey of this reflex because the sheer speed at which this
12:07
because the sheer speed at which this
12:07
because the sheer speed at which this communication happens inside the dog's
12:09
communication happens inside the dog's
12:09
communication happens inside the dog's body is staggering.
12:10
body is staggering.
12:10
body is staggering. >> Please do. Let's get into the wiring of
12:13
>> Please do. Let's get into the wiring of
12:13
>> Please do. Let's get into the wiring of it. [snorts] Where does the signal
12:14
it. [snorts] Where does the signal
12:14
it. [snorts] Where does the signal actually start? The primary trigger is
12:17
actually start? The primary trigger is
12:17
actually start? The primary trigger is always identical. It's cold water making
12:19
always identical. It's cold water making
12:19
always identical. It's cold water making direct physical contact with the dog's
12:21
direct physical contact with the dog's
12:21
direct physical contact with the dog's face.
12:22
face.
12:22
face. >> Wait, specifically the face?
12:24
>> Wait, specifically the face?
12:24
>> Wait, specifically the face? >> Specifically the face.
12:25
>> Specifically the face.
12:25
>> Specifically the face. >> So if I just dip my dog's back paws in a
12:28
>> So if I just dip my dog's back paws in a
12:28
>> So if I just dip my dog's back paws in a cold stream or, you know, they wade in
12:31
cold stream or, you know, they wade in
12:31
cold stream or, you know, they wade in up to their belly, the reflex doesn't
12:33
up to their belly, the reflex doesn't
12:33
up to their belly, the reflex doesn't fire.
12:33
fire.
12:33
fire. >> Correct. Splashing their paws or chest
12:35
>> Correct. Splashing their paws or chest
12:35
>> Correct. Splashing their paws or chest won't trigger the full cascade. The face
12:38
won't trigger the full cascade. The face
12:38
won't trigger the full cascade. The face is the absolute key because the K9 face
12:40
is the absolute key because the K9 face
12:40
is the absolute key because the K9 face is intricately mapped with the
12:42
is intricately mapped with the
12:42
is intricately mapped with the trigeminal nerve.
12:43
trigeminal nerve.
12:43
trigeminal nerve. >> The trigeminal nerve. Okay. The
12:45
>> The trigeminal nerve. Okay. The
12:45
>> The trigeminal nerve. Okay. The trigeminal nerve is a massive, highly
12:47
trigeminal nerve is a massive, highly
12:48
trigeminal nerve is a massive, highly sensitive three-pronged cranial nerve
12:50
sensitive three-pronged cranial nerve
12:50
sensitive three-pronged cranial nerve that carries sensation directly from the
12:52
that carries sensation directly from the
12:52
that carries sensation directly from the face back to the brain.
12:53
face back to the brain.
12:53
face back to the brain. >> Like a superhighway.
12:54
>> Like a superhighway.
12:54
>> Like a superhighway. >> Yes. A sensory superighway. When cold
12:57
>> Yes. A sensory superighway. When cold
12:57
>> Yes. A sensory superighway. When cold liquid hits the specific areas around
12:59
liquid hits the specific areas around
12:59
liquid hits the specific areas around the nose, the snout, and the mouth, the
13:01
the nose, the snout, and the mouth, the
13:01
the nose, the snout, and the mouth, the nerve endings of the trigeminal nerve
13:03
nerve endings of the trigeminal nerve
13:03
nerve endings of the trigeminal nerve fire an instant blaring involuntary
13:06
fire an instant blaring involuntary
13:06
fire an instant blaring involuntary alarm signal straight back into the
13:08
alarm signal straight back into the
13:08
alarm signal straight back into the brain stem. Specifically, it targets a
13:11
brain stem. Specifically, it targets a
13:11
brain stem. Specifically, it targets a very primitive region called the medulla
13:13
very primitive region called the medulla
13:13
very primitive region called the medulla oblangata.
13:14
oblangata.
13:14
oblangata. >> Okay. The medulla oblangata. Let me see
13:16
>> Okay. The medulla oblangata. Let me see
13:16
>> Okay. The medulla oblangata. Let me see if I have this right from the reading.
13:18
if I have this right from the reading.
13:18
if I have this right from the reading. That is basically the lizard brain.
13:19
That is basically the lizard brain.
13:19
That is basically the lizard brain. Right.
13:20
Right.
13:20
Right. >> Yes. Exly.
13:20
>> Yes. Exly.
13:20
>> Yes. Exly. >> The primitive evolutionary old part of
13:22
>> The primitive evolutionary old part of
13:22
>> The primitive evolutionary old part of our neurology that controls the absolute
13:25
our neurology that controls the absolute
13:25
our neurology that controls the absolute core survival functions. We never had to
13:27
core survival functions. We never had to
13:27
core survival functions. We never had to consciously think about breathing, heart
13:29
consciously think about breathing, heart
13:29
consciously think about breathing, heart rate, digestion.
13:30
rate, digestion.
13:30
rate, digestion. >> That is exactly what it is. It is the
13:32
>> That is exactly what it is. It is the
13:32
>> That is exactly what it is. It is the centralized control room for automatic
13:34
centralized control room for automatic
13:34
centralized control room for automatic survival. So the trigeminal nerve
13:36
survival. So the trigeminal nerve
13:36
survival. So the trigeminal nerve basically screams warning we are
13:38
basically screams warning we are
13:38
basically screams warning we are completely submerged in cold water. It's
13:40
completely submerged in cold water. It's
13:40
completely submerged in cold water. It's >> red alert.
13:41
>> red alert.
13:41
>> red alert. >> Red alert. Right. The medulla
13:43
>> Red alert. Right. The medulla
13:43
>> Red alert. Right. The medulla oblangatada receives that panic signal
13:45
oblangatada receives that panic signal
13:45
oblangatada receives that panic signal and immediately without waiting for the
13:47
and immediately without waiting for the
13:47
and immediately without waiting for the conscious brain to weigh in at all
13:49
conscious brain to weigh in at all
13:49
conscious brain to weigh in at all issues three distinct non-negotiable
13:52
issues three distinct non-negotiable
13:52
issues three distinct non-negotiable physiological commands to the rest of
13:54
physiological commands to the rest of
13:54
physiological commands to the rest of the body.
13:55
the body.
13:55
the body. >> And the wild part to me from the sources
13:58
>> And the wild part to me from the sources
13:58
>> And the wild part to me from the sources >> all of this processing and signaling
14:00
>> all of this processing and signaling
14:00
>> all of this processing and signaling happens in less than a second.
14:01
happens in less than a second.
14:02
happens in less than a second. >> A fraction of a second.
14:03
>> A fraction of a second.
14:03
>> A fraction of a second. >> Less than a second. That is faster than
14:05
>> Less than a second. That is faster than
14:05
>> Less than a second. That is faster than the dog can even form the conscious
14:06
the dog can even form the conscious
14:06
the dog can even form the conscious thought. Oh, hey, I'm wet. It's entirely
14:09
thought. Oh, hey, I'm wet. It's entirely
14:09
thought. Oh, hey, I'm wet. It's entirely automated.
14:09
automated.
14:09
automated. >> Entirely.
14:10
>> Entirely.
14:10
>> Entirely. >> Okay, I want to break down these three
14:11
>> Okay, I want to break down these three
14:11
>> Okay, I want to break down these three commands because the sources go into
14:12
commands because the sources go into
14:12
commands because the sources go into some intense detail here and I want to
14:14
some intense detail here and I want to
14:14
some intense detail here and I want to make sure you get this. What is the very
14:16
make sure you get this. What is the very
14:16
make sure you get this. What is the very first command that the medulla issues?
14:19
first command that the medulla issues?
14:19
first command that the medulla issues? >> Command number one is incredibly
14:21
>> Command number one is incredibly
14:21
>> Command number one is incredibly drastic. It is to slow the heart rate
14:23
drastic. It is to slow the heart rate
14:23
drastic. It is to slow the heart rate immediately. In medical terms, this is
14:26
immediately. In medical terms, this is
14:26
immediately. In medical terms, this is called brady cardia.
14:27
called brady cardia.
14:27
called brady cardia. >> Brady cardia.
14:28
>> Brady cardia.
14:28
>> Brady cardia. >> The literal millisecond the face goes
14:30
>> The literal millisecond the face goes
14:30
>> The literal millisecond the face goes under the water. A dog's heart rate
14:31
under the water. A dog's heart rate
14:31
under the water. A dog's heart rate drops instantly by about 25%.
14:34
drops instantly by about 25%.
14:34
drops instantly by about 25%. But if the submersion is sudden,
14:36
But if the submersion is sudden,
14:36
But if the submersion is sudden, unexpected, or the water is extremely
14:38
unexpected, or the water is extremely
14:38
unexpected, or the water is extremely cold, like a dog jumping into a near
14:40
cold, like a dog jumping into a near
14:40
cold, like a dog jumping into a near freezing lake, we have documented heart
14:43
freezing lake, we have documented heart
14:43
freezing lake, we have documented heart rates plummeting by up to 50% almost
14:45
rates plummeting by up to 50% almost
14:45
rates plummeting by up to 50% almost instantly.
14:46
instantly.
14:46
instantly. >> 50%. That's half their normal cardiac
14:49
>> 50%. That's half their normal cardiac
14:49
>> 50%. That's half their normal cardiac output, just gone in a second.
14:51
output, just gone in a second.
14:51
output, just gone in a second. >> Yes.
14:52
>> Yes.
14:52
>> Yes. >> I guess I'm trying to wrap my head
14:53
>> I guess I'm trying to wrap my head
14:53
>> I guess I'm trying to wrap my head around the logic of that. Why would the
14:55
around the logic of that. Why would the
14:55
around the logic of that. Why would the body drop off the heart rate so
14:57
body drop off the heart rate so
14:57
body drop off the heart rate so drastically when the dog is presumably
15:00
drastically when the dog is presumably
15:00
drastically when the dog is presumably burning a ton of energy trying to swim?
15:03
burning a ton of energy trying to swim?
15:03
burning a ton of energy trying to swim? >> It's a matter of biological triage. The
15:05
>> It's a matter of biological triage. The
15:05
>> It's a matter of biological triage. The medulla recognizes that the body is now
15:07
medulla recognizes that the body is now
15:07
medulla recognizes that the body is now cut off from fresh air and is operating
15:09
cut off from fresh air and is operating
15:09
cut off from fresh air and is operating on a strictly finite rapidly depleting
15:12
on a strictly finite rapidly depleting
15:12
on a strictly finite rapidly depleting oxygen supply.
15:13
oxygen supply.
15:13
oxygen supply. >> So I have to conserve gas.
15:15
>> So I have to conserve gas.
15:15
>> So I have to conserve gas. >> Exactly. By drastically slowing down the
15:17
>> Exactly. By drastically slowing down the
15:17
>> Exactly. By drastically slowing down the main pump, the heart the body
15:20
main pump, the heart the body
15:20
main pump, the heart the body immediately decreases its overall
15:22
immediately decreases its overall
15:22
immediately decreases its overall systemic oxygen consumption. But it
15:24
systemic oxygen consumption. But it
15:24
systemic oxygen consumption. But it doesn't just slow the heart, it
15:26
doesn't just slow the heart, it
15:26
doesn't just slow the heart, it redirects the flow.
15:27
redirects the flow.
15:27
redirects the flow. >> How so?
15:28
>> How so?
15:28
>> How so? >> It prioritizes sending the remaining
15:30
>> It prioritizes sending the remaining
15:30
>> It prioritizes sending the remaining highly oxygenated blood only to the
15:32
highly oxygenated blood only to the
15:32
highly oxygenated blood only to the absolute most vital organs, the brain
15:35
absolute most vital organs, the brain
15:35
absolute most vital organs, the brain and the heart muscle itself.
15:36
and the heart muscle itself.
15:36
and the heart muscle itself. >> So it's literally stealing oxygen from
15:38
>> So it's literally stealing oxygen from
15:38
>> So it's literally stealing oxygen from the less important parts of the body to
15:40
the less important parts of the body to
15:40
the less important parts of the body to keep the main computer running.
15:41
keep the main computer running.
15:41
keep the main computer running. >> Exactly. It aggressively restricts blood
15:43
>> Exactly. It aggressively restricts blood
15:43
>> Exactly. It aggressively restricts blood flow to the extremities, the limbs, the
15:45
flow to the extremities, the limbs, the
15:46
flow to the extremities, the limbs, the skin, the digestive tract. This vaso
15:48
skin, the digestive tract. This vaso
15:48
skin, the digestive tract. This vaso constriction is actually why dogs and
15:50
constriction is actually why dogs and
15:50
constriction is actually why dogs and humans for that matter can become
15:51
humans for that matter can become
15:51
humans for that matter can become hypothermic so quickly in water. Oh,
15:53
hypothermic so quickly in water. Oh,
15:53
hypothermic so quickly in water. Oh, because the warm blood is leaving the
15:54
because the warm blood is leaving the
15:54
because the warm blood is leaving the skin,
15:55
skin,
15:55
skin, >> right? The warm blood is being pulled
15:57
>> right? The warm blood is being pulled
15:57
>> right? The warm blood is being pulled away from the skin to protect the core.
15:59
away from the skin to protect the core.
15:59
away from the skin to protect the core. It is the ultimate survival protocol.
16:02
It is the ultimate survival protocol.
16:02
It is the ultimate survival protocol. >> Wow. Okay. So, that is the first
16:03
>> Wow. Okay. So, that is the first
16:03
>> Wow. Okay. So, that is the first command. Drop the heart rate. Save the
16:05
command. Drop the heart rate. Save the
16:05
command. Drop the heart rate. Save the brain. [snorts] What is command two from
16:07
brain. [snorts] What is command two from
16:07
brain. [snorts] What is command two from the medulla?
16:08
the medulla?
16:08
the medulla? >> Command two is the mechanical action we
16:10
>> Command two is the mechanical action we
16:10
>> Command two is the mechanical action we discussed earlier. Close the larynx. The
16:12
discussed earlier. Close the larynx. The
16:12
discussed earlier. Close the larynx. The brain stem fires a signal down the vagus
16:15
brain stem fires a signal down the vagus
16:15
brain stem fires a signal down the vagus nerve, commanding the muscles around the
16:17
nerve, commanding the muscles around the
16:17
nerve, commanding the muscles around the epiglatus, and the cartilage flaps to
16:19
epiglatus, and the cartilage flaps to
16:19
epiglatus, and the cartilage flaps to slam shut,
16:20
slam shut,
16:20
slam shut, >> creating that watertight vault door we
16:21
>> creating that watertight vault door we
16:21
>> creating that watertight vault door we talked about. Exactly.
16:23
talked about. Exactly.
16:23
talked about. Exactly. >> Okay. And command three.
16:24
>> Okay. And command three.
16:24
>> Okay. And command three. >> Command three is perhaps the strangest
16:25
>> Command three is perhaps the strangest
16:26
>> Command three is perhaps the strangest one. [snorts] It's pausing the actual
16:28
one. [snorts] It's pausing the actual
16:28
one. [snorts] It's pausing the actual rhythmic drive to breathe. This state is
16:32
rhythmic drive to breathe. This state is
16:32
rhythmic drive to breathe. This state is called apnea.
16:33
called apnea.
16:33
called apnea. >> Apnea. Like sleep apnea, but while
16:35
>> Apnea. Like sleep apnea, but while
16:35
>> Apnea. Like sleep apnea, but while awake.
16:35
awake.
16:36
awake. >> Yes. The brain literally stops sending
16:39
>> Yes. The brain literally stops sending
16:39
>> Yes. The brain literally stops sending the rhythmic electrical signal to the
16:41
the rhythmic electrical signal to the
16:41
the rhythmic electrical signal to the diaphragm muscle telling it to expand
16:42
diaphragm muscle telling it to expand
16:42
diaphragm muscle telling it to expand and contract.
16:43
and contract.
16:43
and contract. >> Wait, I really want to focus on that
16:45
>> Wait, I really want to focus on that
16:45
>> Wait, I really want to focus on that phrasing. So, when I dive into a pool, I
16:47
phrasing. So, when I dive into a pool, I
16:47
phrasing. So, when I dive into a pool, I take a huge breath and I decide to hold
16:49
take a huge breath and I decide to hold
16:49
take a huge breath and I decide to hold it. I'm actively consciously suppressing
16:52
it. I'm actively consciously suppressing
16:52
it. I'm actively consciously suppressing the urge to breathe. You're saying the
16:53
the urge to breathe. You're saying the
16:54
the urge to breathe. You're saying the dog isn't doing that.
16:54
dog isn't doing that.
16:54
dog isn't doing that. >> Exactly. The dog does not decide to hold
16:56
>> Exactly. The dog does not decide to hold
16:56
>> Exactly. The dog does not decide to hold its breath.
16:57
its breath.
16:57
its breath. >> That is wild.
16:58
>> That is wild.
16:58
>> That is wild. >> The conscious part of the dog's mind
17:00
>> The conscious part of the dog's mind
17:00
>> The conscious part of the dog's mind isn't saying, "I should stop breathing."
17:02
isn't saying, "I should stop breathing."
17:02
isn't saying, "I should stop breathing." Now, the medola oblangata physically
17:04
Now, the medola oblangata physically
17:04
Now, the medola oblangata physically removes their ability to even try to
17:06
removes their ability to even try to
17:06
removes their ability to even try to take a breath. The autopilot simply
17:10
take a breath. The autopilot simply
17:10
take a breath. The autopilot simply unplugs the diaphragm.
17:11
unplugs the diaphragm.
17:11
unplugs the diaphragm. >> I kept thinking of this like a smart
17:13
>> I kept thinking of this like a smart
17:13
>> I kept thinking of this like a smart home security system while I was reading
17:15
home security system while I was reading
17:15
home security system while I was reading the notes for this deep dive.
17:16
the notes for this deep dive.
17:16
the notes for this deep dive. >> Oh, I like that comparison.
17:17
>> Oh, I like that comparison.
17:17
>> Oh, I like that comparison. >> Just think about it. You have moisture
17:19
>> Just think about it. You have moisture
17:19
>> Just think about it. You have moisture sensor on the basement floor,
17:20
sensor on the basement floor,
17:20
sensor on the basement floor, >> right?
17:21
>> right?
17:21
>> right? >> The second it trips, the house
17:23
>> The second it trips, the house
17:23
>> The second it trips, the house automatically locks all the heavy
17:25
automatically locks all the heavy
17:25
automatically locks all the heavy exterior doors. That is the larynx
17:27
exterior doors. That is the larynx
17:27
exterior doors. That is the larynx snapping shut. It turns off the energy
17:29
snapping shut. It turns off the energy
17:29
snapping shut. It turns off the energy draining air conditioning and drops the
17:31
draining air conditioning and drops the
17:31
draining air conditioning and drops the house into an extreme power saving mode.
17:33
house into an extreme power saving mode.
17:34
house into an extreme power saving mode. That is the heart rate dropping 50%.
17:36
That is the heart rate dropping 50%.
17:36
That is the heart rate dropping 50%. >> Yes.
17:36
>> Yes.
17:36
>> Yes. >> And it unplugs the automated window
17:38
>> And it unplugs the automated window
17:38
>> And it unplugs the automated window vents, so no drafts come in. That's
17:40
vents, so no drafts come in. That's
17:40
vents, so no drafts come in. That's pausing the diaphragm.
17:41
pausing the diaphragm.
17:41
pausing the diaphragm. >> Yeah. And it does all of this perfectly
17:44
>> Yeah. And it does all of this perfectly
17:44
>> Yeah. And it does all of this perfectly flawlessly without the homeowner being
17:47
flawlessly without the homeowner being
17:47
flawlessly without the homeowner being the conscious thinking part of the dog's
17:49
the conscious thinking part of the dog's
17:49
the conscious thinking part of the dog's brain ever touching a keypad or making a
17:51
brain ever touching a keypad or making a
17:51
brain ever touching a keypad or making a single decision.
17:52
single decision.
17:52
single decision. >> That is a phenomenal way to visualize
17:54
>> That is a phenomenal way to visualize
17:54
>> That is a phenomenal way to visualize it. It is an entirely involuntary,
17:57
it. It is an entirely involuntary,
17:57
it. It is an entirely involuntary, brilliantly designed survival circuit.
18:00
brilliantly designed survival circuit.
18:00
brilliantly designed survival circuit. Now, what really fascinated me in the
18:01
Now, what really fascinated me in the
18:02
Now, what really fascinated me in the source material is the deeper
18:04
source material is the deeper
18:04
source material is the deeper investigation into how the larynx knows
18:06
investigation into how the larynx knows
18:06
investigation into how the larynx knows to stay closed so tightly,
18:08
to stay closed so tightly,
18:08
to stay closed so tightly, >> right? Because we talked about the
18:09
>> right? Because we talked about the
18:09
>> right? Because we talked about the trigger to close it, but how does it
18:10
trigger to close it, but how does it
18:10
trigger to close it, but how does it stay closed
18:11
stay closed
18:11
stay closed >> exactly? Our sources highlight some
18:13
>> exactly? Our sources highlight some
18:13
>> exactly? Our sources highlight some highly specific studies looking at the
18:15
highly specific studies looking at the
18:15
highly specific studies looking at the laryngal receptors in dogs. Researchers
18:18
laryngal receptors in dogs. Researchers
18:18
laryngal receptors in dogs. Researchers actually mapped this out and found that
18:20
actually mapped this out and found that
18:20
actually mapped this out and found that there are approximately
18:22
there are approximately
18:22
there are approximately 130 of these microscopic nerve receptors
18:25
130 of these microscopic nerve receptors
18:25
130 of these microscopic nerve receptors clustered densely right at the entrance
18:26
clustered densely right at the entrance
18:26
clustered densely right at the entrance of the larynx.
18:28
of the larynx.
18:28
of the larynx. >> 130 tiny sensors just sitting in the
18:30
>> 130 tiny sensors just sitting in the
18:30
>> 130 tiny sensors just sitting in the throat
18:31
throat
18:31
throat >> waiting.
18:32
>> waiting.
18:32
>> waiting. >> Yeah.
18:33
>> Yeah.
18:33
>> Yeah. >> But what are they actually looking for?
18:35
>> But what are they actually looking for?
18:35
>> But what are they actually looking for? When I read that, I sort of assumed they
18:36
When I read that, I sort of assumed they
18:36
When I read that, I sort of assumed they were some kind of localized taste buds.
18:38
were some kind of localized taste buds.
18:38
were some kind of localized taste buds. >> Taste buds.
18:39
>> Taste buds.
18:39
>> Taste buds. >> Yeah. Like, do they somehow taste the
18:41
>> Yeah. Like, do they somehow taste the
18:41
>> Yeah. Like, do they somehow taste the chemical makeup of the water to know it
18:43
chemical makeup of the water to know it
18:43
chemical makeup of the water to know it is liquid and not air?
18:45
is liquid and not air?
18:45
is liquid and not air? >> That's the most logical assumption,
18:47
>> That's the most logical assumption,
18:47
>> That's the most logical assumption, honestly. But it's actually incorrect,
18:48
honestly. But it's actually incorrect,
18:48
honestly. But it's actually incorrect, which is what makes it so surprising.
18:51
which is what makes it so surprising.
18:51
which is what makes it so surprising. They aren't specialized chemters
18:53
They aren't specialized chemters
18:53
They aren't specialized chemters designed to detect the molecular
18:54
designed to detect the molecular
18:54
designed to detect the molecular structure of water at all.
18:56
structure of water at all.
18:56
structure of water at all. >> Oh, then what are they?
18:57
>> Oh, then what are they?
18:57
>> Oh, then what are they? >> They are actually just ordinary mechano
18:59
>> They are actually just ordinary mechano
18:59
>> They are actually just ordinary mechano receptors.
19:00
receptors.
19:00
receptors. >> Mechano receptors meaning they just
19:02
>> Mechano receptors meaning they just
19:02
>> Mechano receptors meaning they just sense physical movement.
19:03
sense physical movement.
19:03
sense physical movement. >> Exactly. They are designed to sense
19:05
>> Exactly. They are designed to sense
19:05
>> Exactly. They are designed to sense basic physical touch, weight, and
19:07
basic physical touch, weight, and
19:07
basic physical touch, weight, and pressure.
19:08
pressure.
19:08
pressure. >> Okay. But air has pressure.
19:10
>> Okay. But air has pressure.
19:10
>> Okay. But air has pressure. >> It does. However, researchers discovered
19:12
>> It does. However, researchers discovered
19:12
>> It does. However, researchers discovered a fascinating quirk in these specific
19:14
a fascinating quirk in these specific
19:14
a fascinating quirk in these specific receptors. While they might slightly
19:17
receptors. While they might slightly
19:17
receptors. While they might slightly register air flowing past them during a
19:19
register air flowing past them during a
19:19
register air flowing past them during a normal pant, they fire overwhelmingly
19:22
normal pant, they fire overwhelmingly
19:22
normal pant, they fire overwhelmingly and aggressively when a dense liquid
19:24
and aggressively when a dense liquid
19:24
and aggressively when a dense liquid hits them.
19:25
hits them.
19:25
hits them. >> So, it's about the weight of it.
19:26
>> So, it's about the weight of it.
19:26
>> So, it's about the weight of it. >> Yes. They translate the actual physical
19:29
>> Yes. They translate the actual physical
19:29
>> Yes. They translate the actual physical weight and the sheer pressure of the
19:30
weight and the sheer pressure of the
19:30
weight and the sheer pressure of the water molecules into a blaring,
19:32
water molecules into a blaring,
19:32
water molecules into a blaring, inescapable siren that tells the brain
19:35
inescapable siren that tells the brain
19:35
inescapable siren that tells the brain stem, "Heavy matter is entering the
19:37
stem, "Heavy matter is entering the
19:37
stem, "Heavy matter is entering the airway. Keep this door locked at all
19:40
airway. Keep this door locked at all
19:40
airway. Keep this door locked at all costs."
19:41
costs."
19:41
costs." >> So, bringing all of this incredible
19:43
>> So, bringing all of this incredible
19:43
>> So, bringing all of this incredible neurology back to the core question of
19:44
neurology back to the core question of
19:44
neurology back to the core question of our deep dive.
19:46
our deep dive.
19:46
our deep dive. >> What does this all mean for the dog
19:47
>> What does this all mean for the dog
19:47
>> What does this all mean for the dog swimming in the pool? If we synthesize
19:50
swimming in the pool? If we synthesize
19:50
swimming in the pool? If we synthesize all this biology and connect it to the
19:51
all this biology and connect it to the
19:52
all this biology and connect it to the bigger picture, this mamalian diving
19:54
bigger picture, this mamalian diving
19:54
bigger picture, this mamalian diving reflex is the ultimate undeniable proof
19:56
reflex is the ultimate undeniable proof
19:56
reflex is the ultimate undeniable proof that dogs cannot breathe underwater
19:58
that dogs cannot breathe underwater
19:58
that dogs cannot breathe underwater >> because it would need all these alarms
19:59
>> because it would need all these alarms
19:59
>> because it would need all these alarms otherwise.
20:00
otherwise.
20:00
otherwise. >> Think about the evolutionary logic here.
20:02
>> Think about the evolutionary logic here.
20:02
>> Think about the evolutionary logic here. If canine lungs were fundamentally
20:04
If canine lungs were fundamentally
20:04
If canine lungs were fundamentally capable of extracting dissolved oxygen
20:06
capable of extracting dissolved oxygen
20:06
capable of extracting dissolved oxygen directly from water, the body wouldn't
20:09
directly from water, the body wouldn't
20:09
directly from water, the body wouldn't possess an elaborate instant panic
20:11
possess an elaborate instant panic
20:11
possess an elaborate instant panic button reflex to aggressively conserve
20:14
button reflex to aggressively conserve
20:14
button reflex to aggressively conserve stored oxygen, drop the heart rate, and
20:16
stored oxygen, drop the heart rate, and
20:16
stored oxygen, drop the heart rate, and physically barricade the airway. Right.
20:18
physically barricade the airway. Right.
20:18
physically barricade the airway. Right. It would just let the water in and breed
20:20
It would just let the water in and breed
20:20
It would just let the water in and breed it.
20:20
it.
20:20
it. >> Exactly. The reflex exists for one
20:23
>> Exactly. The reflex exists for one
20:23
>> Exactly. The reflex exists for one reason and one reason only. To buy the
20:26
reason and one reason only. To buy the
20:26
reason and one reason only. To buy the dog precious time until they can escape
20:28
dog precious time until they can escape
20:28
dog precious time until they can escape the water and return to their natural
20:30
the water and return to their natural
20:30
the water and return to their natural required environment, which is the air.
20:32
required environment, which is the air.
20:32
required environment, which is the air. >> Okay, I am totally sold on the natural
20:34
>> Okay, I am totally sold on the natural
20:34
>> Okay, I am totally sold on the natural reflex. It is an absolute marvel of
20:36
reflex. It is an absolute marvel of
20:36
reflex. It is an absolute marvel of evolutionary engineering. But
20:38
evolutionary engineering. But
20:38
evolutionary engineering. But >> hear a butt coming.
20:39
>> hear a butt coming.
20:39
>> hear a butt coming. >> Right here is where I'm going to throw a
20:41
>> Right here is where I'm going to throw a
20:41
>> Right here is where I'm going to throw a massive curveball into the conversation
20:43
massive curveball into the conversation
20:43
massive curveball into the conversation because the sources we pulled for this
20:44
because the sources we pulled for this
20:44
because the sources we pulled for this deep dive went to some strange strange
20:46
deep dive went to some strange strange
20:46
deep dive went to some strange strange places. They certainly did.
20:48
places. They certainly did.
20:48
places. They certainly did. >> We've established the biological rule.
20:50
>> We've established the biological rule.
20:50
>> We've established the biological rule. Dogs can't extract oxygen from liquid.
20:53
Dogs can't extract oxygen from liquid.
20:53
Dogs can't extract oxygen from liquid. But what if science decides it wants to
20:55
But what if science decides it wants to
20:55
But what if science decides it wants to bypass this ancient natural reflex
20:57
bypass this ancient natural reflex
20:58
bypass this ancient natural reflex completely?
20:58
completely?
20:58
completely? >> Ah, I know where we're going.
20:59
>> Ah, I know where we're going.
21:00
>> Ah, I know where we're going. >> I want to talk about the Russian liquid
21:01
>> I want to talk about the Russian liquid
21:01
>> I want to talk about the Russian liquid breathing experiments cuz I read that
21:03
breathing experiments cuz I read that
21:03
breathing experiments cuz I read that section of the notes three times and it
21:05
section of the notes three times and it
21:05
section of the notes three times and it sounds like pure science fiction.
21:07
sounds like pure science fiction.
21:07
sounds like pure science fiction. >> It really does sound made up,
21:08
>> It really does sound made up,
21:08
>> It really does sound made up, >> right? The sources outline a real
21:11
>> right? The sources outline a real
21:11
>> right? The sources outline a real heavily documented laboratory scenario
21:13
heavily documented laboratory scenario
21:14
heavily documented laboratory scenario where dogs actually did breathe liquid.
21:17
where dogs actually did breathe liquid.
21:17
where dogs actually did breathe liquid. >> Yes, the infamous liquid ventilation
21:19
>> Yes, the infamous liquid ventilation
21:20
>> Yes, the infamous liquid ventilation experiments. The most notable recent
21:22
experiments. The most notable recent
21:22
experiments. The most notable recent ones were conducted in 2016 led by a
21:25
ones were conducted in 2016 led by a
21:25
ones were conducted in 2016 led by a Russian scientist named Vidali
21:27
Russian scientist named Vidali
21:27
Russian scientist named Vidali Davididov.
21:27
Davididov.
21:27
Davididov. >> David. Okay,
21:28
>> David. Okay,
21:28
>> David. Okay, >> you are right. This is exactly where
21:30
>> you are right. This is exactly where
21:30
>> you are right. This is exactly where science fiction bleeds into reality. But
21:32
science fiction bleeds into reality. But
21:32
science fiction bleeds into reality. But I want to be very careful here because
21:34
I want to be very careful here because
21:34
I want to be very careful here because it requires a massive amount of context
21:36
it requires a massive amount of context
21:36
it requires a massive amount of context to understand properly without drawing
21:38
to understand properly without drawing
21:38
to understand properly without drawing the wrong conclusions.
21:39
the wrong conclusions.
21:39
the wrong conclusions. >> Okay, set the scene for us. Walk us
21:41
>> Okay, set the scene for us. Walk us
21:41
>> Okay, set the scene for us. Walk us through this experiment. What exactly
21:42
through this experiment. What exactly
21:42
through this experiment. What exactly did these researchers do to these dogs?
21:45
did these researchers do to these dogs?
21:45
did these researchers do to these dogs? >> The core goal of the researchers was to
21:47
>> The core goal of the researchers was to
21:47
>> The core goal of the researchers was to test the absolute physiological limits
21:49
test the absolute physiological limits
21:49
test the absolute physiological limits of mamalian lungs when introduced to
21:51
of mamalian lungs when introduced to
21:51
of mamalian lungs when introduced to liquid ventilation primarily for
21:53
liquid ventilation primarily for
21:53
liquid ventilation primarily for applications in deep sea rescue and
21:55
applications in deep sea rescue and
21:55
applications in deep sea rescue and extreme medicine.
21:56
extreme medicine.
21:56
extreme medicine. >> Okay. So a very specialized use case.
21:58
>> Okay. So a very specialized use case.
21:58
>> Okay. So a very specialized use case. >> Very. They took dachshunds which were
22:00
>> Very. They took dachshunds which were
22:00
>> Very. They took dachshunds which were specifically chosen by the researchers
22:01
specifically chosen by the researchers
22:02
specifically chosen by the researchers for their robust chest capacity and
22:04
for their robust chest capacity and
22:04
for their robust chest capacity and unique anatomical proportions.
22:06
unique anatomical proportions.
22:06
unique anatomical proportions. >> Dachshunds. Wow. Okay.
22:08
>> Dachshunds. Wow. Okay.
22:08
>> Dachshunds. Wow. Okay. >> Yeah. And they placed them head first
22:09
>> Yeah. And they placed them head first
22:10
>> Yeah. And they placed them head first into a highly specialized pressurized
22:12
into a highly specialized pressurized
22:12
into a highly specialized pressurized tank. But here is the critical
22:14
tank. But here is the critical
22:14
tank. But here is the critical distinction. The tank was not filled
22:17
distinction. The tank was not filled
22:17
distinction. The tank was not filled with water. It was filled with a
22:19
with water. It was filled with a
22:19
with water. It was filled with a synthetic chemical compound called a
22:21
synthetic chemical compound called a
22:21
synthetic chemical compound called a perfuocarbon.
22:22
perfuocarbon.
22:22
perfuocarbon. >> Perfuocarbon. Okay. I'm not a chemist,
22:25
>> Perfuocarbon. Okay. I'm not a chemist,
22:25
>> Perfuocarbon. Okay. I'm not a chemist, but that does not sound like the stuff
22:26
but that does not sound like the stuff
22:26
but that does not sound like the stuff you fill your backyard kitty pool from
22:27
you fill your backyard kitty pool from
22:28
you fill your backyard kitty pool from the garden hose with.
22:29
the garden hose with.
22:29
the garden hose with. >> Not even remotely. Peruocarbons or PFC's
22:32
>> Not even remotely. Peruocarbons or PFC's
22:32
>> Not even remotely. Peruocarbons or PFC's are incredibly dense, highly engineered
22:34
are incredibly dense, highly engineered
22:34
are incredibly dense, highly engineered synthetic liquids. If you held a glass
22:37
synthetic liquids. If you held a glass
22:37
synthetic liquids. If you held a glass of it, it would feel much heavier than
22:39
of it, it would feel much heavier than
22:39
of it, it would feel much heavier than water,
22:39
water,
22:39
water, >> like syrup
22:40
>> like syrup
22:40
>> like syrup >> kind of. Yeah. But its most important
22:43
>> kind of. Yeah. But its most important
22:43
>> kind of. Yeah. But its most important property, the reason it is used in these
22:45
property, the reason it is used in these
22:45
property, the reason it is used in these experiments is its extraordinary almost
22:47
experiments is its extraordinary almost
22:47
experiments is its extraordinary almost unnatural capacity to hold dissolved
22:49
unnatural capacity to hold dissolved
22:50
unnatural capacity to hold dissolved gases. A liquid per fluorocarbon can
22:52
gases. A liquid per fluorocarbon can
22:52
gases. A liquid per fluorocarbon can hold vastly more oxygen and carbon
22:54
hold vastly more oxygen and carbon
22:54
hold vastly more oxygen and carbon dioxide than regular water. And
22:55
dioxide than regular water. And
22:55
dioxide than regular water. And incredibly, it can carry even more
22:57
incredibly, it can carry even more
22:57
incredibly, it can carry even more oxygen than human blood.
22:58
oxygen than human blood.
22:58
oxygen than human blood. >> So it's basically liquid breathable air
23:01
>> So it's basically liquid breathable air
23:01
>> So it's basically liquid breathable air >> essentially. Yes.
23:01
>> essentially. Yes.
23:01
>> essentially. Yes. >> Okay. So they lower these toxins head
23:03
>> Okay. So they lower these toxins head
23:03
>> Okay. So they lower these toxins head first into this dense chemical liquid.
23:06
first into this dense chemical liquid.
23:06
first into this dense chemical liquid. Given everything we just talked about
23:08
Given everything we just talked about
23:08
Given everything we just talked about regarding the mamalon diving reflex, the
23:12
regarding the mamalon diving reflex, the
23:12
regarding the mamalon diving reflex, the 130 mechano receptor screaming to lock
23:14
130 mechano receptor screaming to lock
23:14
130 mechano receptor screaming to lock the door. What happens? Do the dogs
23:17
the door. What happens? Do the dogs
23:17
the door. What happens? Do the dogs fight it? Does the reflex kick in
23:19
fight it? Does the reflex kick in
23:19
fight it? Does the reflex kick in >> initially? Yes. It is highly likely the
23:21
>> initially? Yes. It is highly likely the
23:21
>> initially? Yes. It is highly likely the natural reflex is triggered exactly as
23:23
natural reflex is triggered exactly as
23:23
natural reflex is triggered exactly as we described. The cold liquid hits the
23:26
we described. The cold liquid hits the
23:26
we described. The cold liquid hits the face. The trigeminal nerve fires. The
23:28
face. The trigeminal nerve fires. The
23:28
face. The trigeminal nerve fires. The heart rate drops. The larynx snaps shut.
23:30
heart rate drops. The larynx snaps shut.
23:30
heart rate drops. The larynx snaps shut. The body panics because it senses
23:32
The body panics because it senses
23:32
The body panics because it senses liquid.
23:33
liquid.
23:33
liquid. >> Of course, it does.
23:33
>> Of course, it does.
23:33
>> Of course, it does. >> But the parameters of this study pushed
23:35
>> But the parameters of this study pushed
23:35
>> But the parameters of this study pushed past that natural barrier. Because the
23:38
past that natural barrier. Because the
23:38
past that natural barrier. Because the perfllorocarbon liquid was so hyper
23:40
perfllorocarbon liquid was so hyper
23:40
perfllorocarbon liquid was so hyper oxygenated. As the dogs eventually hit
23:42
oxygenated. As the dogs eventually hit
23:42
oxygenated. As the dogs eventually hit the absolute limit of their breathold
23:44
the absolute limit of their breathold
23:44
the absolute limit of their breathold and were forced by rising carbon dioxide
23:46
and were forced by rising carbon dioxide
23:46
and were forced by rising carbon dioxide levels to gasp, they pulled this liquid
23:48
levels to gasp, they pulled this liquid
23:48
levels to gasp, they pulled this liquid past the larynx and into their lungs.
23:50
past the larynx and into their lungs.
23:50
past the larynx and into their lungs. >> Oh my god. They inhaled the heavy
23:52
>> Oh my god. They inhaled the heavy
23:52
>> Oh my god. They inhaled the heavy liquid.
23:53
liquid.
23:53
liquid. >> They did.
23:53
>> They did.
23:53
>> They did. >> They literally filled their delicate
23:55
>> They literally filled their delicate
23:55
>> They literally filled their delicate lung tissue with it. Just picturing that
23:57
lung tissue with it. Just picturing that
23:57
lung tissue with it. Just picturing that feels entirely wrong.
23:58
feels entirely wrong.
23:58
feels entirely wrong. >> It goes against every instinct we have
24:00
>> It goes against every instinct we have
24:00
>> It goes against every instinct we have as terrestrial mammals. But they did.
24:02
as terrestrial mammals. But they did.
24:02
as terrestrial mammals. But they did. They breathed this fluid in and out the
24:04
They breathed this fluid in and out the
24:04
They breathed this fluid in and out the exact same way they would rhythmically
24:06
exact same way they would rhythmically
24:06
exact same way they would rhythmically breathe the air in your living room.
24:07
breathe the air in your living room.
24:07
breathe the air in your living room. Wow. And because of the unique chemical
24:09
Wow. And because of the unique chemical
24:09
Wow. And because of the unique chemical structure of the perfllorocarbon,
24:12
structure of the perfllorocarbon,
24:12
structure of the perfllorocarbon, the heavy oxygen load suspended in the
24:14
the heavy oxygen load suspended in the
24:14
the heavy oxygen load suspended in the liquid was successfully transferred
24:16
liquid was successfully transferred
24:16
liquid was successfully transferred across the delicate alvolar tissues in
24:19
across the delicate alvolar tissues in
24:19
across the delicate alvolar tissues in the dog's lungs directly into their
24:21
the dog's lungs directly into their
24:21
the dog's lungs directly into their bloodstream.
24:22
bloodstream.
24:22
bloodstream. >> So it actually worked.
24:23
>> So it actually worked.
24:23
>> So it actually worked. >> It worked. Simultaneously, the carbon
24:25
>> It worked. Simultaneously, the carbon
24:25
>> It worked. Simultaneously, the carbon dioxide their bodies produced was
24:27
dioxide their bodies produced was
24:27
dioxide their bodies produced was exhaled back out into the liquid.
24:29
exhaled back out into the liquid.
24:29
exhaled back out into the liquid. [snorts] It functioned as a completely
24:31
[snorts] It functioned as a completely
24:31
[snorts] It functioned as a completely viable respiratory medium. And the
24:33
viable respiratory medium. And the
24:33
viable respiratory medium. And the researchers didn't just test this at
24:35
researchers didn't just test this at
24:35
researchers didn't just test this at surface pressure. They tested them under
24:37
surface pressure. They tested them under
24:38
surface pressure. They tested them under extreme punishing conditions
24:39
extreme punishing conditions
24:40
extreme punishing conditions >> like what?
24:40
>> like what?
24:40
>> like what? >> These dachshunds survived simulated
24:43
>> These dachshunds survived simulated
24:43
>> These dachshunds survived simulated pressure depths of up to 500 meters.
24:46
pressure depths of up to 500 meters.
24:46
pressure depths of up to 500 meters. >> 500 m.
24:47
>> 500 m.
24:47
>> 500 m. >> Yes.
24:48
>> Yes.
24:48
>> Yes. >> That is deep sea submarine depth. That
24:50
>> That is deep sea submarine depth. That
24:50
>> That is deep sea submarine depth. That is crushing physical pressure. I can't
24:52
is crushing physical pressure. I can't
24:52
is crushing physical pressure. I can't even fathom a dog surviving that.
24:54
even fathom a dog surviving that.
24:54
even fathom a dog surviving that. >> Exactly. The liquid filling their lungs
24:57
>> Exactly. The liquid filling their lungs
24:57
>> Exactly. The liquid filling their lungs actually prevented the lungs from
24:58
actually prevented the lungs from
24:58
actually prevented the lungs from collapsing under the extreme pressure,
25:00
collapsing under the extreme pressure,
25:00
collapsing under the extreme pressure, which is a massive hurdle in deep sea
25:02
which is a massive hurdle in deep sea
25:02
which is a massive hurdle in deep sea diving. And they stayed completely
25:04
diving. And they stayed completely
25:04
diving. And they stayed completely submerged, breathing this dense liquid
25:06
submerged, breathing this dense liquid
25:06
submerged, breathing this dense liquid in and out for a full 30 minutes.
25:08
in and out for a full 30 minutes.
25:08
in and out for a full 30 minutes. >> 30 minutes underwater taking liquid
25:10
>> 30 minutes underwater taking liquid
25:10
>> 30 minutes underwater taking liquid breaths. That completely shatters the
25:13
breaths. That completely shatters the
25:13
breaths. That completely shatters the 12-second rule we were going to talk
25:14
12-second rule we were going to talk
25:14
12-second rule we were going to talk about later. That is just blowing my
25:16
about later. That is just blowing my
25:16
about later. That is just blowing my mind.
25:16
mind.
25:16
mind. >> It is incredible.
25:17
>> It is incredible.
25:17
>> It is incredible. >> But the most terrifying part to me is
25:18
>> But the most terrifying part to me is
25:18
>> But the most terrifying part to me is the aftermath. What happened when they
25:21
the aftermath. What happened when they
25:21
the aftermath. What happened when they took them out? You have a dog with lungs
25:23
took them out? You have a dog with lungs
25:23
took them out? You have a dog with lungs entirely filled with a dense, heavy
25:26
entirely filled with a dense, heavy
25:26
entirely filled with a dense, heavy chemical fluid. How do they ever breathe
25:28
chemical fluid. How do they ever breathe
25:28
chemical fluid. How do they ever breathe air again?
25:28
air again?
25:28
air again? >> That is where the medical engineering
25:30
>> That is where the medical engineering
25:30
>> That is where the medical engineering truly shines. The scientists removed the
25:33
truly shines. The scientists removed the
25:33
truly shines. The scientists removed the dogs from the pressure tank and
25:34
dogs from the pressure tank and
25:34
dogs from the pressure tank and essentially had to drain and suction the
25:36
essentially had to drain and suction the
25:36
essentially had to drain and suction the perfluorocarbon from their airways and
25:38
perfluorocarbon from their airways and
25:38
perfluorocarbon from their airways and lungs.
25:39
lungs.
25:39
lungs. >> That sounds awful.
25:40
>> That sounds awful.
25:40
>> That sounds awful. >> It is intense. But here is the key.
25:43
>> It is intense. But here is the key.
25:43
>> It is intense. But here is the key. Because the perfllorocarbon fluid is
25:45
Because the perfllorocarbon fluid is
25:45
Because the perfllorocarbon fluid is chemically inert, meaning it does not
25:46
chemically inert, meaning it does not
25:46
chemically inert, meaning it does not react with or damage the incredibly
25:49
react with or damage the incredibly
25:49
react with or damage the incredibly delicate, paper thin lung tissues the
25:52
delicate, paper thin lung tissues the
25:52
delicate, paper thin lung tissues the way natural water does. The dogs
25:54
way natural water does. The dogs
25:54
way natural water does. The dogs recovered.
25:55
recovered.
25:55
recovered. >> They recovered fully
25:56
>> They recovered fully
25:56
>> They recovered fully >> fully within just 15 minutes of being
25:58
>> fully within just 15 minutes of being
25:58
>> fully within just 15 minutes of being pulled out of the tank and having their
26:00
pulled out of the tank and having their
26:00
pulled out of the tank and having their lungs cleared. They were back to
26:01
lungs cleared. They were back to
26:01
lungs cleared. They were back to breathing normal gaseous air. They
26:04
breathing normal gaseous air. They
26:04
breathing normal gaseous air. They showed zero signs of permanent lung
26:06
showed zero signs of permanent lung
26:06
showed zero signs of permanent lung damage, hypoxia, or respiratory
26:08
damage, hypoxia, or respiratory
26:08
damage, hypoxia, or respiratory distress. It was an astonishing
26:10
distress. It was an astonishing
26:10
distress. It was an astonishing unmitigated success from a biological
26:12
unmitigated success from a biological
26:12
unmitigated success from a biological engineering and physics standpoint.
26:14
engineering and physics standpoint.
26:14
engineering and physics standpoint. >> Okay, that is astounding. It sounds like
26:17
>> Okay, that is astounding. It sounds like
26:17
>> Okay, that is astounding. It sounds like a literal superpower granted by science.
26:20
a literal superpower granted by science.
26:20
a literal superpower granted by science. But I want to pause right here. We
26:22
But I want to pause right here. We
26:22
But I want to pause right here. We really need to draw a hard, thick line
26:25
really need to draw a hard, thick line
26:25
really need to draw a hard, thick line for you, the listener, right now and
26:28
for you, the listener, right now and
26:28
for you, the listener, right now and clearly contrast this wild laboratory
26:30
clearly contrast this wild laboratory
26:30
clearly contrast this wild laboratory experiment with a sunny Sunday trip to
26:32
experiment with a sunny Sunday trip to
26:32
experiment with a sunny Sunday trip to the local lake.
26:33
the local lake.
26:33
the local lake. >> Yes, please. This is crucial
26:35
>> Yes, please. This is crucial
26:35
>> Yes, please. This is crucial >> because I can easily hear a listener
26:36
>> because I can easily hear a listener
26:36
>> because I can easily hear a listener thinking, "Well, hold on. If a little
26:39
thinking, "Well, hold on. If a little
26:39
thinking, "Well, hold on. If a little dachshun can breathe liquid in a Russian
26:40
dachshun can breathe liquid in a Russian
26:40
dachshun can breathe liquid in a Russian lab for half an hour and be totally
26:42
lab for half an hour and be totally
26:42
lab for half an hour and be totally fine, maybe my dog can accidentally
26:44
fine, maybe my dog can accidentally
26:44
fine, maybe my dog can accidentally breathe a little bit of lake water and
26:45
breathe a little bit of lake water and
26:45
breathe a little bit of lake water and just process the oxygen in it. We need
26:47
just process the oxygen in it. We need
26:47
just process the oxygen in it. We need to shut that down." I'm so glad you
26:49
to shut that down." I'm so glad you
26:49
to shut that down." I'm so glad you stopped us to clarify that because that
26:51
stopped us to clarify that because that
26:51
stopped us to clarify that because that is an incredibly dangerous assumption to
26:53
is an incredibly dangerous assumption to
26:53
is an incredibly dangerous assumption to make. This raises an absolutely vital
26:55
make. This raises an absolutely vital
26:55
make. This raises an absolutely vital question of scientific context versus
26:58
question of scientific context versus
26:58
question of scientific context versus reality. We have to violently separate
27:00
reality. We have to violently separate
27:00
reality. We have to violently separate laboratory extremes from everyday
27:02
laboratory extremes from everyday
27:02
laboratory extremes from everyday backyard reality.
27:04
backyard reality.
27:04
backyard reality. >> The perfllorocarbon used in David's
27:06
>> The perfllorocarbon used in David's
27:06
>> The perfllorocarbon used in David's experiments is a highly calibrated,
27:08
experiments is a highly calibrated,
27:08
experiments is a highly calibrated, heavily engineered medical fluid. It was
27:10
heavily engineered medical fluid. It was
27:10
heavily engineered medical fluid. It was explicitly designed by scientists to act
27:13
explicitly designed by scientists to act
27:13
explicitly designed by scientists to act as a harmless liquid transport mechanism
27:15
as a harmless liquid transport mechanism
27:15
as a harmless liquid transport mechanism for massive amounts of gaseous oxygen.
27:17
for massive amounts of gaseous oxygen.
27:17
for massive amounts of gaseous oxygen. Right. And the pool water in my backyard
27:20
Right. And the pool water in my backyard
27:20
Right. And the pool water in my backyard or the muddy lake water at the park,
27:23
or the muddy lake water at the park,
27:23
or the muddy lake water at the park, they do not share a single one of those
27:27
they do not share a single one of those
27:27
they do not share a single one of those carefully engineered properties.
27:28
carefully engineered properties.
27:28
carefully engineered properties. >> Not even slightly. First, natural water,
27:31
>> Not even slightly. First, natural water,
27:31
>> Not even slightly. First, natural water, whether it's from a pool, a lake, or the
27:33
whether it's from a pool, a lake, or the
27:33
whether it's from a pool, a lake, or the ocean, does not carry nearly enough
27:35
ocean, does not carry nearly enough
27:35
ocean, does not carry nearly enough dissolved oxygen to sustain the
27:37
dissolved oxygen to sustain the
27:37
dissolved oxygen to sustain the metabolic needs of a mammal.
27:38
metabolic needs of a mammal.
27:38
metabolic needs of a mammal. >> That makes sense.
27:39
>> That makes sense.
27:39
>> That makes sense. >> But more importantly, the physical and
27:41
>> But more importantly, the physical and
27:41
>> But more importantly, the physical and chemical properties of natural water are
27:43
chemical properties of natural water are
27:43
chemical properties of natural water are actively aggressively destructive to
27:45
actively aggressively destructive to
27:45
actively aggressively destructive to lung tissue. If a dog accidentally
27:48
lung tissue. If a dog accidentally
27:48
lung tissue. If a dog accidentally inhales pool water, that water
27:50
inhales pool water, that water
27:50
inhales pool water, that water immediately washes away a crucial
27:52
immediately washes away a crucial
27:52
immediately washes away a crucial substance in the lungs called
27:54
substance in the lungs called
27:54
substance in the lungs called surfactant.
27:55
surfactant.
27:55
surfactant. >> Surfactant? What is that?
27:56
>> Surfactant? What is that?
27:56
>> Surfactant? What is that? >> It's a slippery soapy coating inside the
27:59
>> It's a slippery soapy coating inside the
27:59
>> It's a slippery soapy coating inside the tiny air sacks of the lungs. It reduces
28:01
tiny air sacks of the lungs. It reduces
28:01
tiny air sacks of the lungs. It reduces surface tension and keeps those tiny
28:03
surface tension and keeps those tiny
28:03
surface tension and keeps those tiny sacks inflated so oxygen can cross into
28:05
sacks inflated so oxygen can cross into
28:05
sacks inflated so oxygen can cross into the blood.
28:06
the blood.
28:06
the blood. >> Okay. So, it keeps them open.
28:07
>> Okay. So, it keeps them open.
28:07
>> Okay. So, it keeps them open. >> Yes. Fresh water washes that slippery
28:10
>> Yes. Fresh water washes that slippery
28:10
>> Yes. Fresh water washes that slippery coating right out. Without it, the
28:12
coating right out. Without it, the
28:12
coating right out. Without it, the delicate air sacks violently collapse.
28:14
delicate air sacks violently collapse.
28:14
delicate air sacks violently collapse. They stick together like wet tissue
28:15
They stick together like wet tissue
28:15
They stick together like wet tissue paper. Oh wow.
28:16
paper. Oh wow.
28:16
paper. Oh wow. >> The moment that happens, the transfer of
28:18
>> The moment that happens, the transfer of
28:18
>> The moment that happens, the transfer of oxygen stops immediately. The dog begins
28:20
oxygen stops immediately. The dog begins
28:20
oxygen stops immediately. The dog begins to suffocate and massive tissue damage
28:22
to suffocate and massive tissue damage
28:22
to suffocate and massive tissue damage occurs.
28:22
occurs.
28:22
occurs. >> So the absolute undeniable takeaway here
28:25
>> So the absolute undeniable takeaway here
28:25
>> So the absolute undeniable takeaway here for the listener is to understand the
28:26
for the listener is to understand the
28:26
for the listener is to understand the strict unforgiving scientific
28:28
strict unforgiving scientific
28:28
strict unforgiving scientific limitations regarding how dogs interact
28:31
limitations regarding how dogs interact
28:31
limitations regarding how dogs interact with natural water. Unless your dog
28:33
with natural water. Unless your dog
28:33
with natural water. Unless your dog happens to be swimming in a
28:34
happens to be swimming in a
28:34
happens to be swimming in a multi-million dollar pressurized vat of
28:36
multi-million dollar pressurized vat of
28:36
multi-million dollar pressurized vat of experimental Russian perfllorocarbon,
28:39
experimental Russian perfllorocarbon,
28:39
experimental Russian perfllorocarbon, they cannot breathe underwater.
28:40
they cannot breathe underwater.
28:40
they cannot breathe underwater. >> Correct.
28:40
>> Correct.
28:40
>> Correct. >> Their lungs require air. Full stop. The
28:43
>> Their lungs require air. Full stop. The
28:43
>> Their lungs require air. Full stop. The illusion is busted. Precisely. The
28:45
illusion is busted. Precisely. The
28:45
illusion is busted. Precisely. The Russian experiments are a fascinating
28:47
Russian experiments are a fascinating
28:47
Russian experiments are a fascinating extreme that proves canine lungs can
28:49
extreme that proves canine lungs can
28:49
extreme that proves canine lungs can process oxygen suspended in a very
28:52
process oxygen suspended in a very
28:52
process oxygen suspended in a very specific synthetic chemical medium. But
28:55
specific synthetic chemical medium. But
28:55
specific synthetic chemical medium. But those experiments do not change the
28:57
those experiments do not change the
28:57
those experiments do not change the fundamental biological rule of the
28:58
fundamental biological rule of the
28:58
fundamental biological rule of the natural world we live in. Dogs cannot
29:01
natural world we live in. Dogs cannot
29:01
natural world we live in. Dogs cannot under any circumstances extract survival
29:04
under any circumstances extract survival
29:04
under any circumstances extract survival level oxygen from natural water.
29:06
level oxygen from natural water.
29:06
level oxygen from natural water. >> Okay, I think we've firmly established
29:08
>> Okay, I think we've firmly established
29:08
>> Okay, I think we've firmly established the rules of reality now. So, back in
29:10
the rules of reality now. So, back in
29:10
the rules of reality now. So, back in the real world of lakes, rivers, and
29:12
the real world of lakes, rivers, and
29:12
the real world of lakes, rivers, and swimming pools, dogs have to rely
29:14
swimming pools, dogs have to rely
29:14
swimming pools, dogs have to rely entirely on their natural ability to
29:15
entirely on their natural ability to
29:15
entirely on their natural ability to hold their breath and that amazing
29:17
hold their breath and that amazing
29:17
hold their breath and that amazing automated mamalian diving reflex we
29:19
automated mamalian diving reflex we
29:19
automated mamalian diving reflex we unpacked earlier.
29:20
unpacked earlier.
29:20
unpacked earlier. >> Exactly.
29:21
>> Exactly.
29:21
>> Exactly. >> But as I kept reading the sources, I
29:22
>> But as I kept reading the sources, I
29:22
>> But as I kept reading the sources, I realized a really sad truth. Not all
29:25
realized a really sad truth. Not all
29:25
realized a really sad truth. Not all dogs are equipped with the same
29:26
dogs are equipped with the same
29:26
dogs are equipped with the same biological hardware, are they?
29:27
biological hardware, are they?
29:27
biological hardware, are they? >> Not at all.
29:28
>> Not at all.
29:28
>> Not at all. >> I want to transition into talking about
29:30
>> I want to transition into talking about
29:30
>> I want to transition into talking about anatomy and age, and specifically why
29:32
anatomy and age, and specifically why
29:32
anatomy and age, and specifically why the physical shape of a dog's snout
29:34
the physical shape of a dog's snout
29:34
the physical shape of a dog's snout matters so incredibly much when it comes
29:37
matters so incredibly much when it comes
29:37
matters so incredibly much when it comes to their safety in the water. It matters
29:39
to their safety in the water. It matters
29:39
to their safety in the water. It matters immensely. It might be the single most
29:41
immensely. It might be the single most
29:41
immensely. It might be the single most important physical factor. When we talk
29:43
important physical factor. When we talk
29:43
important physical factor. When we talk about a dog's breath holding
29:44
about a dog's breath holding
29:44
about a dog's breath holding capabilities and overall water safety,
29:46
capabilities and overall water safety,
29:46
capabilities and overall water safety, we are dealing with extreme artificially
29:49
we are dealing with extreme artificially
29:49
we are dealing with extreme artificially bred variations across different dog
29:51
bred variations across different dog
29:51
bred variations across different dog breeds.
29:51
breeds.
29:51
breeds. >> Right? Humans mess with the design.
29:53
>> Right? Humans mess with the design.
29:53
>> Right? Humans mess with the design. >> We really did. You simply cannot compare
29:56
>> We really did. You simply cannot compare
29:56
>> We really did. You simply cannot compare the physiological response of a
29:57
the physiological response of a
29:57
the physiological response of a purposebred water dog to a modern toy
29:59
purposebred water dog to a modern toy
30:00
purposebred water dog to a modern toy breed and expect the same outcome. It's
30:02
breed and expect the same outcome. It's
30:02
breed and expect the same outcome. It's comparing apples and bowling balls,
30:04
comparing apples and bowling balls,
30:04
comparing apples and bowling balls, >> right? So, let's break down the hard
30:05
>> right? So, let's break down the hard
30:05
>> right? So, let's break down the hard numbers from the research. Let's compare
30:07
numbers from the research. Let's compare
30:07
numbers from the research. Let's compare an athletic long-ned dog to a flat-faced
30:10
an athletic long-ned dog to a flat-faced
30:10
an athletic long-ned dog to a flat-faced dog. Paint that picture for us.
30:12
dog. Paint that picture for us.
30:12
dog. Paint that picture for us. >> Let us start with the ideal aquatic
30:14
>> Let us start with the ideal aquatic
30:14
>> Let us start with the ideal aquatic anatomy. An athletic dog with a long
30:16
anatomy. An athletic dog with a long
30:16
anatomy. An athletic dog with a long snout. In veterinary terms, we call
30:18
snout. In veterinary terms, we call
30:18
snout. In veterinary terms, we call these dulosyophalic or messyalic breeds.
30:21
these dulosyophalic or messyalic breeds.
30:21
these dulosyophalic or messyalic breeds. >> Okay, big words, examples.
30:23
>> Okay, big words, examples.
30:23
>> Okay, big words, examples. >> Think of your classic water dogs, a
30:25
>> Think of your classic water dogs, a
30:25
>> Think of your classic water dogs, a Labrador retriever, a new foundin, a
30:27
Labrador retriever, a new foundin, a
30:27
Labrador retriever, a new foundin, a standard poodle, or a German Shepherd.
30:29
standard poodle, or a German Shepherd.
30:29
standard poodle, or a German Shepherd. These dogs possess expansive, cavernous
30:32
These dogs possess expansive, cavernous
30:32
These dogs possess expansive, cavernous nasal cavities and wide, completely
30:34
nasal cavities and wide, completely
30:34
nasal cavities and wide, completely clear airways. Lots of breathing room,
30:36
clear airways. Lots of breathing room,
30:36
clear airways. Lots of breathing room, >> tons of it. Their snout acts like a
30:39
>> tons of it. Their snout acts like a
30:39
>> tons of it. Their snout acts like a massive, highly efficient air
30:41
massive, highly efficient air
30:41
massive, highly efficient air conditioning and filtration system.
30:43
conditioning and filtration system.
30:43
conditioning and filtration system. Because their breathing is so
30:45
Because their breathing is so
30:45
Because their breathing is so unobstructed, a healthy, relaxed
30:47
unobstructed, a healthy, relaxed
30:47
unobstructed, a healthy, relaxed Labrador can casually hold its breath
30:49
Labrador can casually hold its breath
30:49
Labrador can casually hold its breath underwater for a solid 10 to 15 seconds
30:52
underwater for a solid 10 to 15 seconds
30:52
underwater for a solid 10 to 15 seconds without showing any visible signs of
30:54
without showing any visible signs of
30:54
without showing any visible signs of physiological distress.
30:56
physiological distress.
30:56
physiological distress. >> 10 to 15 seconds is a pretty substantial
30:58
>> 10 to 15 seconds is a pretty substantial
30:58
>> 10 to 15 seconds is a pretty substantial amount of time. That's plenty of time to
31:00
amount of time. That's plenty of time to
31:00
amount of time. That's plenty of time to paddle down, grab a sunken toy, and pop
31:03
paddle down, grab a sunken toy, and pop
31:03
paddle down, grab a sunken toy, and pop back up. It's more than enough.
31:05
back up. It's more than enough.
31:05
back up. It's more than enough. >> And the sources mentioned that highly
31:07
>> And the sources mentioned that highly
31:07
>> And the sources mentioned that highly trained dogs can push that even further.
31:09
trained dogs can push that even further.
31:09
trained dogs can push that even further. >> Yes, significantly further. When you
31:11
>> Yes, significantly further. When you
31:11
>> Yes, significantly further. When you look at highly trained water rescue dogs
31:13
look at highly trained water rescue dogs
31:13
look at highly trained water rescue dogs like those incredible Newfoundlands that
31:15
like those incredible Newfoundlands that
31:15
like those incredible Newfoundlands that are trained to jump out of helicopters
31:16
are trained to jump out of helicopters
31:16
are trained to jump out of helicopters into the ocean to pull people to safety,
31:19
into the ocean to pull people to safety,
31:19
into the ocean to pull people to safety, they are trained to suppress their panic
31:21
they are trained to suppress their panic
31:21
they are trained to suppress their panic response and ruthlessly conserve their
31:23
response and ruthlessly conserve their
31:23
response and ruthlessly conserve their energy.
31:23
energy.
31:23
energy. >> They stay calm.
31:25
>> They stay calm.
31:25
>> They stay calm. >> Exactly. Because they remain so
31:27
>> Exactly. Because they remain so
31:27
>> Exactly. Because they remain so psychologically calm in the water, their
31:29
psychologically calm in the water, their
31:29
psychologically calm in the water, their heart rate stays remarkably low,
31:31
heart rate stays remarkably low,
31:31
heart rate stays remarkably low, delaying the buildup of carbon dioxide.
31:34
delaying the buildup of carbon dioxide.
31:34
delaying the buildup of carbon dioxide. Through training and conditioning, they
31:35
Through training and conditioning, they
31:35
Through training and conditioning, they can push that breath hold to a calm,
31:38
can push that breath hold to a calm,
31:38
can push that breath hold to a calm, controlled 30 seconds.
31:39
controlled 30 seconds.
31:39
controlled 30 seconds. >> 30 seconds on a single breath of air
31:41
>> 30 seconds on a single breath of air
31:41
>> 30 seconds on a single breath of air while actively swimming and working.
31:43
while actively swimming and working.
31:43
while actively swimming and working. That is peach athletic performance.
31:45
That is peach athletic performance.
31:46
That is peach athletic performance. >> It really is.
31:46
>> It really is.
31:46
>> It really is. >> But conversely, we have to look at the
31:48
>> But conversely, we have to look at the
31:48
>> But conversely, we have to look at the other end of the spectrum. Let's look at
31:50
other end of the spectrum. Let's look at
31:50
other end of the spectrum. Let's look at the flat-faced breeds. the brachiophalic
31:52
the flat-faced breeds. the brachiophalic
31:52
the flat-faced breeds. the brachiophalic dogs, pugs, French bulldogs, English
31:56
dogs, pugs, French bulldogs, English
31:56
dogs, pugs, French bulldogs, English bulldogs, Boston terriers. What did
31:58
bulldogs, Boston terriers. What did
31:58
bulldogs, Boston terriers. What did their numbers look like when they hit
31:59
their numbers look like when they hit
31:59
their numbers look like when they hit the water?
32:00
the water?
32:00
the water? >> The drop off in capability is drastic
32:03
>> The drop off in capability is drastic
32:03
>> The drop off in capability is drastic and honestly quite alarming. A
32:05
and honestly quite alarming. A
32:06
and honestly quite alarming. A brachisophalic breed like a pug or a
32:08
brachisophalic breed like a pug or a
32:08
brachisophalic breed like a pug or a Frenchie manages on average a maximum of
32:11
Frenchie manages on average a maximum of
32:11
Frenchie manages on average a maximum of only two to three seconds of breath
32:13
only two to three seconds of breath
32:13
only two to three seconds of breath holding before their body goes into
32:15
holding before their body goes into
32:15
holding before their body goes into severe alarm.
32:16
severe alarm.
32:16
severe alarm. >> Two to three seconds.
32:16
>> Two to three seconds.
32:16
>> Two to three seconds. >> Yes. Two to three seconds.
32:18
>> Yes. Two to three seconds.
32:18
>> Yes. Two to three seconds. >> That is barely anything. That is
32:19
>> That is barely anything. That is
32:19
>> That is barely anything. That is basically the time it takes for them to
32:20
basically the time it takes for them to
32:20
basically the time it takes for them to just fall into the pool and bob back up
32:22
just fall into the pool and bob back up
32:22
just fall into the pool and bob back up to the surface. Why does the physical
32:24
to the surface. Why does the physical
32:24
to the surface. Why does the physical shape of their snout affect their breath
32:26
shape of their snout affect their breath
32:26
shape of their snout affect their breath control so drastically? Why are they at
32:28
control so drastically? Why are they at
32:28
control so drastically? Why are they at such a massive life-threatening
32:30
such a massive life-threatening
32:30
such a massive life-threatening disadvantage?
32:31
disadvantage?
32:31
disadvantage? >> It all comes down to severe anatomical
32:33
>> It all comes down to severe anatomical
32:33
>> It all comes down to severe anatomical restrictions caused by selective
32:35
restrictions caused by selective
32:35
restrictions caused by selective breeding. Flat-faced breeds have been
32:37
breeding. Flat-faced breeds have been
32:37
breeding. Flat-faced breeds have been bred over generations for a very
32:39
bred over generations for a very
32:39
bred over generations for a very specific compacted cosmetic look, the
32:42
specific compacted cosmetic look, the
32:42
specific compacted cosmetic look, the smooshed face,
32:43
smooshed face,
32:43
smooshed face, >> right? Which people think is cute. But
32:45
>> right? Which people think is cute. But
32:45
>> right? Which people think is cute. But that aesthetic look comes at an
32:47
that aesthetic look comes at an
32:47
that aesthetic look comes at an incredibly high respiratory cost. Their
32:50
incredibly high respiratory cost. Their
32:50
incredibly high respiratory cost. Their snouts and skull bones are violently
32:52
snouts and skull bones are violently
32:52
snouts and skull bones are violently compacted, but the soft tissues inside
32:54
compacted, but the soft tissues inside
32:54
compacted, but the soft tissues inside their mouth and throat are not.
32:56
their mouth and throat are not.
32:56
their mouth and throat are not. >> Oh, I never thought of that.
32:58
>> Oh, I never thought of that.
32:58
>> Oh, I never thought of that. >> Yeah, they still have the same amount of
32:59
>> Yeah, they still have the same amount of
32:59
>> Yeah, they still have the same amount of tissue as a dog with a long snout just
33:03
tissue as a dog with a long snout just
33:03
tissue as a dog with a long snout just crammed into a tiny space. They suffer
33:05
crammed into a tiny space. They suffer
33:06
crammed into a tiny space. They suffer from profoundly crowded airways.
33:08
from profoundly crowded airways.
33:08
from profoundly crowded airways. >> So, there's just too much tissue in the
33:09
>> So, there's just too much tissue in the
33:09
>> So, there's just too much tissue in the way of the air.
33:10
way of the air.
33:10
way of the air. >> Exactly. They frequently suffer from
33:12
>> Exactly. They frequently suffer from
33:12
>> Exactly. They frequently suffer from what's called an elongated soft pallet,
33:15
what's called an elongated soft pallet,
33:15
what's called an elongated soft pallet, which means the fleshy tissue at the
33:17
which means the fleshy tissue at the
33:17
which means the fleshy tissue at the back of the roof of their mouth
33:18
back of the roof of their mouth
33:18
back of the roof of their mouth literally hangs down too far and
33:20
literally hangs down too far and
33:20
literally hangs down too far and partially blocks the opening of their
33:22
partially blocks the opening of their
33:22
partially blocks the opening of their windpipe.
33:23
windpipe.
33:23
windpipe. >> That sounds miserable.
33:24
>> That sounds miserable.
33:24
>> That sounds miserable. >> It's very difficult for them.
33:26
>> It's very difficult for them.
33:26
>> It's very difficult for them. Furthermore, they almost always have
33:28
Furthermore, they almost always have
33:28
Furthermore, they almost always have stenotic narrows, which is the medical
33:30
stenotic narrows, which is the medical
33:30
stenotic narrows, which is the medical term meaning their actual nostrils are
33:32
term meaning their actual nostrils are
33:32
term meaning their actual nostrils are physically pinched and far too small to
33:34
physically pinched and far too small to
33:34
physically pinched and far too small to pull in a sufficient volume of air.
33:36
pull in a sufficient volume of air.
33:36
pull in a sufficient volume of air. >> Oh, so they can't even get air through
33:37
>> Oh, so they can't even get air through
33:37
>> Oh, so they can't even get air through the nose properly.
33:38
the nose properly.
33:38
the nose properly. >> Right. and the tissue inside their
33:40
>> Right. and the tissue inside their
33:40
>> Right. and the tissue inside their larynx is often averted or swollen
33:42
larynx is often averted or swollen
33:42
larynx is often averted or swollen outward, further narrowing the tunnel.
33:44
outward, further narrowing the tunnel.
33:44
outward, further narrowing the tunnel. >> I'm just trying to imagine what that
33:45
>> I'm just trying to imagine what that
33:45
>> I'm just trying to imagine what that feels like. So, even when they are just
33:47
feels like. So, even when they are just
33:47
feels like. So, even when they are just sitting calmly on the living room couch,
33:50
sitting calmly on the living room couch,
33:50
sitting calmly on the living room couch, they're actively struggling to pull air
33:53
they're actively struggling to pull air
33:53
they're actively struggling to pull air in.
33:53
in.
33:54
in. >> That is the tragic reality for many of
33:56
>> That is the tragic reality for many of
33:56
>> That is the tragic reality for many of them. Every single breath they take
33:58
them. Every single breath they take
33:58
them. Every single breath they take requires vastly more mechanical effort
34:00
requires vastly more mechanical effort
34:00
requires vastly more mechanical effort than a Labrador. They have to work
34:02
than a Labrador. They have to work
34:02
than a Labrador. They have to work incredibly hard just to achieve basic
34:05
incredibly hard just to achieve basic
34:05
incredibly hard just to achieve basic respiration on a pleasant, cool day.
34:07
respiration on a pleasant, cool day.
34:07
respiration on a pleasant, cool day. Wow.
34:08
Wow.
34:08
Wow. >> Because their baseline respiratory
34:09
>> Because their baseline respiratory
34:10
>> Because their baseline respiratory effort is so high, their bodies are
34:12
effort is so high, their bodies are
34:12
effort is so high, their bodies are constantly operating at a deficit. They
34:14
constantly operating at a deficit. They
34:14
constantly operating at a deficit. They live with practically zero surplus
34:16
live with practically zero surplus
34:16
live with practically zero surplus oxygen reserves stored in their
34:17
oxygen reserves stored in their
34:18
oxygen reserves stored in their bloodstream or tissues.
34:19
bloodstream or tissues.
34:19
bloodstream or tissues. >> That makes total sense when you put it
34:20
>> That makes total sense when you put it
34:20
>> That makes total sense when you put it that way. The Labrador dives into the
34:22
that way. The Labrador dives into the
34:22
that way. The Labrador dives into the pool with a completely full tank of gas
34:24
pool with a completely full tank of gas
34:24
pool with a completely full tank of gas and the Frenchie dives in while the low
34:26
and the Frenchie dives in while the low
34:26
and the Frenchie dives in while the low fuel dashboard light is already flashing
34:28
fuel dashboard light is already flashing
34:28
fuel dashboard light is already flashing red.
34:28
red.
34:28
red. >> That is a brilliant way to frame it.
34:30
>> That is a brilliant way to frame it.
34:30
>> That is a brilliant way to frame it. That is exactly what is happening
34:32
That is exactly what is happening
34:32
That is exactly what is happening internally. When a brachiophelic dog
34:34
internally. When a brachiophelic dog
34:34
internally. When a brachiophelic dog falls or goes underwater, the mamalian
34:37
falls or goes underwater, the mamalian
34:37
falls or goes underwater, the mamalian diving reflex still tries to kick in,
34:39
diving reflex still tries to kick in,
34:39
diving reflex still tries to kick in, >> right? The alarm still sounds.
34:40
>> right? The alarm still sounds.
34:40
>> right? The alarm still sounds. >> The medulla still sends the signal to
34:42
>> The medulla still sends the signal to
34:42
>> The medulla still sends the signal to close the airway, but there is
34:44
close the airway, but there is
34:44
close the airway, but there is absolutely no stored oxygen to conserve.
34:47
absolutely no stored oxygen to conserve.
34:47
absolutely no stored oxygen to conserve. Their brain hits the chemical panic
34:49
Their brain hits the chemical panic
34:49
Their brain hits the chemical panic button almost immediately, screaming for
34:51
button almost immediately, screaming for
34:51
button almost immediately, screaming for oxygen within 2 seconds. And as we know,
34:54
oxygen within 2 seconds. And as we know,
34:54
oxygen within 2 seconds. And as we know, sudden panic in the water is the
34:55
sudden panic in the water is the
34:55
sudden panic in the water is the absolute worst enemy of maintaining that
34:57
absolute worst enemy of maintaining that
34:57
absolute worst enemy of maintaining that tightly closed airway. This feels like
35:00
tightly closed airway. This feels like
35:00
tightly closed airway. This feels like incredibly crucial non-negotiable
35:02
incredibly crucial non-negotiable
35:02
incredibly crucial non-negotiable information for anyone listening who
35:03
information for anyone listening who
35:04
information for anyone listening who owns a flat-faced breed. You simply
35:06
owns a flat-faced breed. You simply
35:06
owns a flat-faced breed. You simply cannot treat them like a typical
35:08
cannot treat them like a typical
35:08
cannot treat them like a typical resilient swimming dog.
35:09
resilient swimming dog.
35:09
resilient swimming dog. >> You truly cannot. The physical deck is
35:11
>> You truly cannot. The physical deck is
35:11
>> You truly cannot. The physical deck is stacked against them. They require
35:13
stacked against them. They require
35:13
stacked against them. They require constant hypervigilant supervision and
35:16
constant hypervigilant supervision and
35:16
constant hypervigilant supervision and frankly in almost all cases a
35:18
frankly in almost all cases a
35:18
frankly in almost all cases a well-fitted canine life jacket any
35:20
well-fitted canine life jacket any
35:20
well-fitted canine life jacket any single time they are near a body of
35:22
single time they are near a body of
35:22
single time they are near a body of water, even a shallow one. And speaking
35:24
water, even a shallow one. And speaking
35:24
water, even a shallow one. And speaking of physiological vulnerabilities, we
35:26
of physiological vulnerabilities, we
35:26
of physiological vulnerabilities, we also need to spend some time discussing
35:27
also need to spend some time discussing
35:27
also need to spend some time discussing the impact of age because as I was going
35:29
the impact of age because as I was going
35:29
the impact of age because as I was going through the research, the sources issued
35:31
through the research, the sources issued
35:31
through the research, the sources issued a very stern, very clear warning
35:34
a very stern, very clear warning
35:34
a very stern, very clear warning specifically about young puppies.
35:36
specifically about young puppies.
35:36
specifically about young puppies. >> Yes, puppies are a completely different
35:37
>> Yes, puppies are a completely different
35:37
>> Yes, puppies are a completely different category.
35:38
category.
35:38
category. >> We spent all this time marveling at how
35:40
>> We spent all this time marveling at how
35:40
>> We spent all this time marveling at how the languual reflex is this perfect
35:43
the languual reflex is this perfect
35:43
the languual reflex is this perfect automated watertight vault door,
35:47
automated watertight vault door,
35:47
automated watertight vault door, but apparently it doesn't come fully
35:49
but apparently it doesn't come fully
35:49
but apparently it doesn't come fully installed and operational from the
35:50
installed and operational from the
35:50
installed and operational from the factory.
35:51
factory.
35:51
factory. >> No, it does not. And this is a common
35:52
>> No, it does not. And this is a common
35:52
>> No, it does not. And this is a common misconception that leads to tragic
35:54
misconception that leads to tragic
35:54
misconception that leads to tragic accidents. The neurological development
35:56
accidents. The neurological development
35:56
accidents. The neurological development of a puppy takes significant time to
35:58
of a puppy takes significant time to
35:58
of a puppy takes significant time to finalize after they are born. Puppies
36:01
finalize after they are born. Puppies
36:01
finalize after they are born. Puppies under two weeks old simply do not have a
36:03
under two weeks old simply do not have a
36:03
under two weeks old simply do not have a fully developed or reliable laryangeal
36:05
fully developed or reliable laryangeal
36:05
fully developed or reliable laryangeal reflex.
36:06
reflex.
36:06
reflex. >> But why? I mean, why wouldn't a survival
36:09
>> But why? I mean, why wouldn't a survival
36:09
>> But why? I mean, why wouldn't a survival mechanism be active immediately?
36:11
mechanism be active immediately?
36:12
mechanism be active immediately? >> It's an issue of biological wiring. The
36:14
>> It's an issue of biological wiring. The
36:14
>> It's an issue of biological wiring. The complex nerve pathways connecting the
36:16
complex nerve pathways connecting the
36:16
complex nerve pathways connecting the trigeminal nerve on the face back to the
36:18
trigeminal nerve on the face back to the
36:18
trigeminal nerve on the face back to the medulla oblangata and then down to the
36:19
medulla oblangata and then down to the
36:20
medulla oblangata and then down to the muscles of the larynx are not yet fully
36:22
muscles of the larynx are not yet fully
36:22
muscles of the larynx are not yet fully mileelinated in very young puppies.
36:24
mileelinated in very young puppies.
36:24
mileelinated in very young puppies. >> Myelinated. Can we unpack that term for
36:26
>> Myelinated. Can we unpack that term for
36:26
>> Myelinated. Can we unpack that term for a second? What does myelin do?
36:28
a second? What does myelin do?
36:28
a second? What does myelin do? >> Absolutely. Think of myelin as the
36:29
>> Absolutely. Think of myelin as the
36:29
>> Absolutely. Think of myelin as the rubber insulation wrapped around the
36:31
rubber insulation wrapped around the
36:31
rubber insulation wrapped around the electrical wires in your house.
36:32
electrical wires in your house.
36:32
electrical wires in your house. >> Okay. The insulation,
36:33
>> Okay. The insulation,
36:33
>> Okay. The insulation, >> right? It allows the electrical signal
36:35
>> right? It allows the electrical signal
36:35
>> right? It allows the electrical signal to travel incredibly fast and reach its
36:37
to travel incredibly fast and reach its
36:37
to travel incredibly fast and reach its destination without shortcircuiting or
36:39
destination without shortcircuiting or
36:39
destination without shortcircuiting or losing power. In a newborn puppy, that
36:42
losing power. In a newborn puppy, that
36:42
losing power. In a newborn puppy, that insulation hasn't fully formed around
36:44
insulation hasn't fully formed around
36:44
insulation hasn't fully formed around the nerves.
36:45
the nerves.
36:45
the nerves. >> Because of this, the electrical signals
36:47
>> Because of this, the electrical signals
36:47
>> Because of this, the electrical signals traveling from the face to the brain
36:48
traveling from the face to the brain
36:48
traveling from the face to the brain stem to the throat don't travel fast
36:51
stem to the throat don't travel fast
36:51
stem to the throat don't travel fast enough or strong enough to guarantee
36:53
enough or strong enough to guarantee
36:53
enough or strong enough to guarantee that instant powerful closure of the
36:55
that instant powerful closure of the
36:55
that instant powerful closure of the cartilage flaps.
36:57
cartilage flaps.
36:57
cartilage flaps. >> Ah, okay. So, going back to our earlier
36:59
>> Ah, okay. So, going back to our earlier
36:59
>> Ah, okay. So, going back to our earlier analogy, the smart home security system
37:02
analogy, the smart home security system
37:02
analogy, the smart home security system is basically offline because the wiring
37:04
is basically offline because the wiring
37:04
is basically offline because the wiring hasn't been finished by the electrician.
37:06
hasn't been finished by the electrician.
37:06
hasn't been finished by the electrician. >> Precisely. And this represents a
37:08
>> Precisely. And this represents a
37:08
>> Precisely. And this represents a terrifying vulnerability. It means a
37:11
terrifying vulnerability. It means a
37:11
terrifying vulnerability. It means a tiny, clumsy puppy playing in a shallow
37:13
tiny, clumsy puppy playing in a shallow
37:13
tiny, clumsy puppy playing in a shallow backyard puddle or even just stumbling
37:15
backyard puddle or even just stumbling
37:15
backyard puddle or even just stumbling while taking a bath in the kitchen sink
37:17
while taking a bath in the kitchen sink
37:17
while taking a bath in the kitchen sink could easily accidentally inhale
37:19
could easily accidentally inhale
37:19
could easily accidentally inhale droplets of water deep into their lungs
37:21
droplets of water deep into their lungs
37:21
droplets of water deep into their lungs without triggering that protective gag
37:23
without triggering that protective gag
37:23
without triggering that protective gag reflex or the larynal closure
37:25
reflex or the larynal closure
37:25
reflex or the larynal closure >> just because the signal didn't reach the
37:27
>> just because the signal didn't reach the
37:27
>> just because the signal didn't reach the door fast enough.
37:28
door fast enough.
37:28
door fast enough. >> Exactly. The reflex only begins to truly
37:30
>> Exactly. The reflex only begins to truly
37:30
>> Exactly. The reflex only begins to truly mature and speed up around 3 to four
37:32
mature and speed up around 3 to four
37:32
mature and speed up around 3 to four weeks of age. And veterinary science
37:33
weeks of age. And veterinary science
37:33
weeks of age. And veterinary science doesn't consider it fully reliable and
37:35
doesn't consider it fully reliable and
37:35
doesn't consider it fully reliable and operating at an adult level until the
37:37
operating at an adult level until the
37:37
operating at an adult level until the puppy is at least 8 weeks old.
37:39
puppy is at least 8 weeks old.
37:39
puppy is at least 8 weeks old. >> Wow. I always assumed keeping very young
37:42
>> Wow. I always assumed keeping very young
37:42
>> Wow. I always assumed keeping very young puppies away from water was just about
37:45
puppies away from water was just about
37:45
puppies away from water was just about them being uncoordinated and clumsy. But
37:47
them being uncoordinated and clumsy. But
37:47
them being uncoordinated and clumsy. But it is so much deeper than that. It is
37:49
it is so much deeper than that. It is
37:49
it is so much deeper than that. It is about their fundamental biology and
37:51
about their fundamental biology and
37:51
about their fundamental biology and their nervous system simply not being
37:53
their nervous system simply not being
37:53
their nervous system simply not being physically ready to protect their lungs
37:55
physically ready to protect their lungs
37:55
physically ready to protect their lungs yet.
37:55
yet.
37:55
yet. >> Exactly. It is a critical developmental
37:58
>> Exactly. It is a critical developmental
37:58
>> Exactly. It is a critical developmental window where they are completely
38:00
window where they are completely
38:00
window where they are completely defenseless against inhaled liquids.
38:02
defenseless against inhaled liquids.
38:02
defenseless against inhaled liquids. >> Okay, so we've established that healthy
38:04
>> Okay, so we've established that healthy
38:04
>> Okay, so we've established that healthy adult dogs with anatomically functional
38:06
adult dogs with anatomically functional
38:06
adult dogs with anatomically functional snouts possess this foolproof automatic
38:09
snouts possess this foolproof automatic
38:09
snouts possess this foolproof automatic reflex. But I kept wondering as I read
38:12
reflex. But I kept wondering as I read
38:12
reflex. But I kept wondering as I read what happens when the body's internal
38:13
what happens when the body's internal
38:13
what happens when the body's internal computer glitches
38:14
computer glitches
38:14
computer glitches >> when the system fails.
38:15
>> when the system fails.
38:16
>> when the system fails. >> Yeah, we have to talk about what happens
38:17
>> Yeah, we have to talk about what happens
38:17
>> Yeah, we have to talk about what happens when the reflex fails because no
38:18
when the reflex fails because no
38:18
when the reflex fails because no biological system is entirely
38:20
biological system is entirely
38:20
biological system is entirely invincible. Let's look into the extreme
38:23
invincible. Let's look into the extreme
38:23
invincible. Let's look into the extreme dangers of losing muscle control in the
38:25
dangers of losing muscle control in the
38:25
dangers of losing muscle control in the water because the sources highlighted
38:26
water because the sources highlighted
38:26
water because the sources highlighted some terrifying medical scenarios.
38:28
some terrifying medical scenarios.
38:28
some terrifying medical scenarios. >> This is a vital life-saving topic for
38:31
>> This is a vital life-saving topic for
38:31
>> This is a vital life-saving topic for owners to understand. We have
38:32
owners to understand. We have
38:32
owners to understand. We have established that the entire diving
38:34
established that the entire diving
38:34
established that the entire diving reflex relies entirely on the brain
38:36
reflex relies entirely on the brain
38:36
reflex relies entirely on the brain stem, sending clear, uninterrupted
38:38
stem, sending clear, uninterrupted
38:38
stem, sending clear, uninterrupted electrical signals to the muscles of the
38:40
electrical signals to the muscles of the
38:40
electrical signals to the muscles of the larynx, commanding them to hold the
38:41
larynx, commanding them to hold the
38:41
larynx, commanding them to hold the airway shut tight against the pressure
38:43
airway shut tight against the pressure
38:43
airway shut tight against the pressure of the water. But certain medical
38:45
of the water. But certain medical
38:45
of the water. But certain medical conditions can completely scramble,
38:47
conditions can completely scramble,
38:47
conditions can completely scramble, weaken, or entirely override those
38:49
weaken, or entirely override those
38:49
weaken, or entirely override those life-saving signals. Let's start with
38:51
life-saving signals. Let's start with
38:51
life-saving signals. Let's start with the one that shocked me the most.
38:53
the one that shocked me the most.
38:53
the one that shocked me the most. Seizure disorders.
38:54
Seizure disorders.
38:54
Seizure disorders. >> I know epilepsy is surprisingly common
38:56
>> I know epilepsy is surprisingly common
38:56
>> I know epilepsy is surprisingly common in dogs.
38:58
in dogs.
38:58
in dogs. >> What actually happens biologically if a
39:00
>> What actually happens biologically if a
39:00
>> What actually happens biologically if a dog suffers a seizure while they are
39:02
dog suffers a seizure while they are
39:02
dog suffers a seizure while they are actively swimming in a pool or a lake?
39:04
actively swimming in a pool or a lake?
39:04
actively swimming in a pool or a lake? >> It is a worst case scenario. A seizure
39:06
>> It is a worst case scenario. A seizure
39:06
>> It is a worst case scenario. A seizure is essentially a chaotic electrical
39:08
is essentially a chaotic electrical
39:08
is essentially a chaotic electrical storm in the brain. It causes massive
39:10
storm in the brain. It causes massive
39:10
storm in the brain. It causes massive uncoordinated completely random firing
39:13
uncoordinated completely random firing
39:13
uncoordinated completely random firing of neurons across the brain's
39:15
of neurons across the brain's
39:15
of neurons across the brain's hemispheres. So the normal signals just
39:16
hemispheres. So the normal signals just
39:16
hemispheres. So the normal signals just get lost,
39:17
get lost,
39:17
get lost, >> completely lost. During a generalized
39:19
>> completely lost. During a generalized
39:19
>> completely lost. During a generalized tonic clonic seizure, a dog loses
39:21
tonic clonic seizure, a dog loses
39:21
tonic clonic seizure, a dog loses absolutely all voluntary and involuntary
39:24
absolutely all voluntary and involuntary
39:24
absolutely all voluntary and involuntary muscle control. The rigid, purposeful,
39:27
muscle control. The rigid, purposeful,
39:27
muscle control. The rigid, purposeful, sustained muscle contraction that is
39:29
sustained muscle contraction that is
39:29
sustained muscle contraction that is strictly required to keep the epiglotus
39:31
strictly required to keep the epiglotus
39:31
strictly required to keep the epiglotus closed against the windpipe is
39:32
closed against the windpipe is
39:32
closed against the windpipe is completely lost.
39:33
completely lost.
39:33
completely lost. >> The door stops working.
39:33
>> The door stops working.
39:34
>> The door stops working. >> The muscles of the airway simply go
39:35
>> The muscles of the airway simply go
39:35
>> The muscles of the airway simply go slack, relax, and the airway falls wide
39:37
slack, relax, and the airway falls wide
39:37
slack, relax, and the airway falls wide open.
39:38
open.
39:38
open. >> Oh no. So they are completely submerged
39:40
>> Oh no. So they are completely submerged
39:40
>> Oh no. So they are completely submerged underwater, entirely unconscious and
39:42
underwater, entirely unconscious and
39:42
underwater, entirely unconscious and thrashing. and the watertight vault door
39:44
thrashing. and the watertight vault door
39:44
thrashing. and the watertight vault door just slowly swings wide open.
39:47
just slowly swings wide open.
39:47
just slowly swings wide open. >> Yes, the larynx entirely fails to
39:49
>> Yes, the larynx entirely fails to
39:50
>> Yes, the larynx entirely fails to protect the trachea. Because the dog is
39:52
protect the trachea. Because the dog is
39:52
protect the trachea. Because the dog is unconscious, they don't even have the
39:53
unconscious, they don't even have the
39:53
unconscious, they don't even have the secondary gag reflex to cough the water
39:55
secondary gag reflex to cough the water
39:55
secondary gag reflex to cough the water out. The dog can and tragically often
39:58
out. The dog can and tragically often
39:58
out. The dog can and tragically often will passively inhale massive volumes of
40:00
will passively inhale massive volumes of
40:00
will passively inhale massive volumes of water directly down into their lungs.
40:02
water directly down into their lungs.
40:02
water directly down into their lungs. >> That is horrifying.
40:03
>> That is horrifying.
40:03
>> That is horrifying. >> It is. The incredibly evolved protective
40:06
>> It is. The incredibly evolved protective
40:06
>> It is. The incredibly evolved protective reflex is completely shortcircuited and
40:08
reflex is completely shortcircuited and
40:08
reflex is completely shortcircuited and bypassed by the electrical storm of the
40:10
bypassed by the electrical storm of the
40:10
bypassed by the electrical storm of the seizure. This is exactly why owners of
40:13
seizure. This is exactly why owners of
40:13
seizure. This is exactly why owners of dogs with known epileptic conditions
40:15
dogs with known epileptic conditions
40:15
dogs with known epileptic conditions have to be incredibly intensely
40:17
have to be incredibly intensely
40:17
have to be incredibly intensely vigilant. A dog suffering a seizure can
40:19
vigilant. A dog suffering a seizure can
40:19
vigilant. A dog suffering a seizure can silently drown in literally 2 in of
40:22
silently drown in literally 2 in of
40:22
silently drown in literally 2 in of water if their snout falls into it.
40:24
water if their snout falls into it.
40:24
water if their snout falls into it. >> That is heartbreaking, but it is so
40:26
>> That is heartbreaking, but it is so
40:26
>> That is heartbreaking, but it is so incredibly important for people to know.
40:27
incredibly important for people to know.
40:27
incredibly important for people to know. You can never let your guard down. But
40:29
You can never let your guard down. But
40:29
You can never let your guard down. But what about older dogs who don't have
40:31
what about older dogs who don't have
40:31
what about older dogs who don't have epilepsy? The sources mention a very
40:33
epilepsy? The sources mention a very
40:33
epilepsy? The sources mention a very specific condition called laryngal
40:34
specific condition called laryngal
40:34
specific condition called laryngal paralysis. I feel like I hear about this
40:36
paralysis. I feel like I hear about this
40:36
paralysis. I feel like I hear about this a lot with senior labs. Yes, laryngal
40:38
a lot with senior labs. Yes, laryngal
40:38
a lot with senior labs. Yes, laryngal paralysis or larp as it is very commonly
40:41
paralysis or larp as it is very commonly
40:41
paralysis or larp as it is very commonly referred to in veterinary clinics. This
40:43
referred to in veterinary clinics. This
40:43
referred to in veterinary clinics. This is an incredibly common condition in
40:45
is an incredibly common condition in
40:45
is an incredibly common condition in older large breed dogs. We see it
40:48
older large breed dogs. We see it
40:48
older large breed dogs. We see it constantly in senior Labradors, golden
40:50
constantly in senior Labradors, golden
40:50
constantly in senior Labradors, golden retrievers, and setters. It is a
40:52
retrievers, and setters. It is a
40:52
retrievers, and setters. It is a progressive degenerative nerve condition
40:54
progressive degenerative nerve condition
40:54
progressive degenerative nerve condition where the specific nerves that control
40:56
where the specific nerves that control
40:56
where the specific nerves that control the muscles operating the cartilage
40:58
the muscles operating the cartilage
40:58
the muscles operating the cartilage flaps of the larynx slowly die off over
41:01
flaps of the larynx slowly die off over
41:01
flaps of the larynx slowly die off over months and years.
41:02
months and years.
41:02
months and years. >> And what does that mean for the muscles?
41:04
>> And what does that mean for the muscles?
41:04
>> And what does that mean for the muscles? Well, without the nerve signals, the
41:06
Well, without the nerve signals, the
41:06
Well, without the nerve signals, the muscles atrophy. They become weak,
41:08
muscles atrophy. They become weak,
41:08
muscles atrophy. They become weak, flaccid, and eventually paralyzed.
41:11
flaccid, and eventually paralyzed.
41:11
flaccid, and eventually paralyzed. >> So, if we use our vault door analogy
41:12
>> So, if we use our vault door analogy
41:12
>> So, if we use our vault door analogy again, it's like the thick steel door
41:14
again, it's like the thick steel door
41:14
again, it's like the thick steel door hinges slowly get rusty over years, and
41:17
hinges slowly get rusty over years, and
41:17
hinges slowly get rusty over years, and eventually the door just gets stuck
41:18
eventually the door just gets stuck
41:18
eventually the door just gets stuck halfway open and won't budge.
41:20
halfway open and won't budge.
41:20
halfway open and won't budge. >> That is exactly the mechanical reality
41:22
>> That is exactly the mechanical reality
41:22
>> That is exactly the mechanical reality of what happens. The airway physically
41:24
of what happens. The airway physically
41:24
of what happens. The airway physically cannot close fully. It does not matter
41:27
cannot close fully. It does not matter
41:27
cannot close fully. It does not matter how hard the primitive medulla oblangata
41:29
how hard the primitive medulla oblangata
41:29
how hard the primitive medulla oblangata screams at the muscles to shut the flaps
41:31
screams at the muscles to shut the flaps
41:31
screams at the muscles to shut the flaps when the dog's face hits the cold water,
41:34
when the dog's face hits the cold water,
41:34
when the dog's face hits the cold water, the hardware is broken.
41:35
the hardware is broken.
41:35
the hardware is broken. >> The muscles just can't do it.
41:36
>> The muscles just can't do it.
41:36
>> The muscles just can't do it. >> The muscles simply cannot obey the
41:38
>> The muscles simply cannot obey the
41:38
>> The muscles simply cannot obey the command. So, picture an older golden
41:40
command. So, picture an older golden
41:40
command. So, picture an older golden retriever who has been an incredible,
41:42
retriever who has been an incredible,
41:42
retriever who has been an incredible, confident swimmer their entire life.
41:44
confident swimmer their entire life.
41:44
confident swimmer their entire life. They excitedly dive into the lake to
41:46
They excitedly dive into the lake to
41:46
They excitedly dive into the lake to retrieve a stick just like they always
41:48
retrieve a stick just like they always
41:48
retrieve a stick just like they always have.
41:49
have.
41:49
have. >> But it's different now.
41:50
>> But it's different now.
41:50
>> But it's different now. >> Very different. Because the larynx is
41:52
>> Very different. Because the larynx is
41:52
>> Very different. Because the larynx is now paralyzed in an open position. The
41:54
now paralyzed in an open position. The
41:54
now paralyzed in an open position. The rushing water floods right past the
41:56
rushing water floods right past the
41:56
rushing water floods right past the weakened flaccid flaps and pours
41:58
weakened flaccid flaps and pours
41:58
weakened flaccid flaps and pours directly into the lungs. It turns what
42:01
directly into the lungs. It turns what
42:01
directly into the lungs. It turns what should have been a quick, joyful dunk
42:03
should have been a quick, joyful dunk
42:03
should have been a quick, joyful dunk into a sudden, catastrophic,
42:05
into a sudden, catastrophic,
42:06
into a sudden, catastrophic, life-threatening event.
42:07
life-threatening event.
42:07
life-threatening event. >> But hold on, let me push back here on
42:08
>> But hold on, let me push back here on
42:08
>> But hold on, let me push back here on behalf of the listener who has a
42:10
behalf of the listener who has a
42:10
behalf of the listener who has a perfectly healthy, primeed, athletic
42:13
perfectly healthy, primeed, athletic
42:13
perfectly healthy, primeed, athletic dog.
42:13
dog.
42:13
dog. >> Okay, let's hear it.
42:14
>> Okay, let's hear it.
42:14
>> Okay, let's hear it. >> Let's say we have a three-year-old lamb,
42:16
>> Let's say we have a three-year-old lamb,
42:16
>> Let's say we have a three-year-old lamb, no seizures, perfectly healthy larynx.
42:20
no seizures, perfectly healthy larynx.
42:20
no seizures, perfectly healthy larynx. Can this ancient, perfectly evolved
42:22
Can this ancient, perfectly evolved
42:22
Can this ancient, perfectly evolved reflex fail in a prime dog just from
42:25
reflex fail in a prime dog just from
42:25
reflex fail in a prime dog just from them playing too hard in the water? Is
42:27
them playing too hard in the water? Is
42:27
them playing too hard in the water? Is there a breaking point?
42:28
there a breaking point?
42:28
there a breaking point? >> Unfortunately, yes, there is absolutely
42:29
>> Unfortunately, yes, there is absolutely
42:29
>> Unfortunately, yes, there is absolutely a breaking point. The diving reflex is
42:31
a breaking point. The diving reflex is
42:31
a breaking point. The diving reflex is powerful and it is ancient, but it is
42:34
powerful and it is ancient, but it is
42:34
powerful and it is ancient, but it is not immune to the hard limits of
42:35
not immune to the hard limits of
42:35
not immune to the hard limits of physical endurance and psychological
42:37
physical endurance and psychological
42:37
physical endurance and psychological stress. The reflex can and does fail
42:40
stress. The reflex can and does fail
42:40
stress. The reflex can and does fail completely through a combination of
42:41
completely through a combination of
42:41
completely through a combination of sheer panic and physical exhaustion.
42:43
sheer panic and physical exhaustion.
42:43
sheer panic and physical exhaustion. >> Explain the mechanics of how that
42:45
>> Explain the mechanics of how that
42:45
>> Explain the mechanics of how that happens. Walk me through that scenario
42:46
happens. Walk me through that scenario
42:46
happens. Walk me through that scenario cuz I think a lot of people assume a
42:47
cuz I think a lot of people assume a
42:48
cuz I think a lot of people assume a healthy dog will always know their
42:49
healthy dog will always know their
42:49
healthy dog will always know their limits.
42:50
limits.
42:50
limits. >> Let's imagine a totally healthy,
42:52
>> Let's imagine a totally healthy,
42:52
>> Let's imagine a totally healthy, energetic dog jumps into a strange
42:55
energetic dog jumps into a strange
42:55
energetic dog jumps into a strange backyard pool to chase a toy. When they
42:57
backyard pool to chase a toy. When they
42:57
backyard pool to chase a toy. When they hit the water, the reflex works
42:59
hit the water, the reflex works
42:59
hit the water, the reflex works perfectly. The airway seals.
43:02
perfectly. The airway seals.
43:02
perfectly. The airway seals. >> But this specific pool has sheer, steep,
43:05
>> But this specific pool has sheer, steep,
43:06
>> But this specific pool has sheer, steep, slippery sides, and the dog does not
43:08
slippery sides, and the dog does not
43:08
slippery sides, and the dog does not know where the stairs are.
43:10
know where the stairs are.
43:10
know where the stairs are. They drop the toy and begin to paddle
43:12
They drop the toy and begin to paddle
43:12
They drop the toy and begin to paddle frantically around the edge, trying to
43:14
frantically around the edge, trying to
43:14
frantically around the edge, trying to hook their paws over the lip to pull
43:16
hook their paws over the lip to pull
43:16
hook their paws over the lip to pull themselves up, but they keep slipping
43:17
themselves up, but they keep slipping
43:18
themselves up, but they keep slipping back in.
43:18
back in.
43:18
back in. >> So, they start to panic.
43:19
>> So, they start to panic.
43:19
>> So, they start to panic. >> They panic and they start to get
43:21
>> They panic and they start to get
43:21
>> They panic and they start to get incredibly tired, extremely rapidly.
43:24
incredibly tired, extremely rapidly.
43:24
incredibly tired, extremely rapidly. Swimming, especially panicked swimming,
43:26
Swimming, especially panicked swimming,
43:26
Swimming, especially panicked swimming, where they are fighting to stay
43:27
where they are fighting to stay
43:27
where they are fighting to stay vertical, is incredibly calorie and
43:30
vertical, is incredibly calorie and
43:30
vertical, is incredibly calorie and oxygen intensive for a dog.
43:32
oxygen intensive for a dog.
43:32
oxygen intensive for a dog. >> They're burning through their reserves.
43:33
>> They're burning through their reserves.
43:33
>> They're burning through their reserves. >> Yes. As their muscles burn energy, they
43:36
>> Yes. As their muscles burn energy, they
43:36
>> Yes. As their muscles burn energy, they begin to tire. And as panic sets in,
43:37
begin to tire. And as panic sets in,
43:37
begin to tire. And as panic sets in, because they can't find an exit, their
43:39
because they can't find an exit, their
43:39
because they can't find an exit, their breathing becomes erratic and shallow.
43:41
breathing becomes erratic and shallow.
43:41
breathing becomes erratic and shallow. Because they aren't taking deep quality
43:43
Because they aren't taking deep quality
43:43
Because they aren't taking deep quality breaths, the carbon dioxide levels in
43:45
breaths, the carbon dioxide levels in
43:45
breaths, the carbon dioxide levels in their blood begin to rapidly spike.
43:47
their blood begin to rapidly spike.
43:47
their blood begin to rapidly spike. >> Because they're working so intensely
43:48
>> Because they're working so intensely
43:48
>> Because they're working so intensely hard and not clearing the exhaust fumes
43:50
hard and not clearing the exhaust fumes
43:50
hard and not clearing the exhaust fumes from their body,
43:51
from their body,
43:51
from their body, >> right? And here is where the biology
43:53
>> right? And here is where the biology
43:53
>> right? And here is where the biology turns against them. Eventually, the
43:55
turns against them. Eventually, the
43:55
turns against them. Eventually, the biological drive to breathe the
43:57
biological drive to breathe the
43:57
biological drive to breathe the desperate screaming chemical need
43:59
desperate screaming chemical need
43:59
desperate screaming chemical need registered by the brain to expel that
44:02
registered by the brain to expel that
44:02
registered by the brain to expel that toxic carbon dioxide and pull in fresh
44:04
toxic carbon dioxide and pull in fresh
44:04
toxic carbon dioxide and pull in fresh oxygen becomes overwhelmingly powerful.
44:07
oxygen becomes overwhelmingly powerful.
44:07
oxygen becomes overwhelmingly powerful. >> It takes over.
44:08
>> It takes over.
44:08
>> It takes over. >> It eventually overrides the primitive
44:10
>> It eventually overrides the primitive
44:10
>> It eventually overrides the primitive brain stem's command to keep the airway
44:12
brain stem's command to keep the airway
44:12
brain stem's command to keep the airway closed. The conscious suffocating
44:14
closed. The conscious suffocating
44:14
closed. The conscious suffocating desperation forces the dog to open its
44:16
desperation forces the dog to open its
44:16
desperation forces the dog to open its mouth and actively gasp for air, even if
44:19
mouth and actively gasp for air, even if
44:19
mouth and actively gasp for air, even if their head happens to slip beneath the
44:20
their head happens to slip beneath the
44:20
their head happens to slip beneath the choppy surface of the water in that
44:22
choppy surface of the water in that
44:22
choppy surface of the water in that exact moment. And the second they take
44:24
exact moment. And the second they take
44:24
exact moment. And the second they take that desperate gasp underwater,
44:26
that desperate gasp underwater,
44:26
that desperate gasp underwater, >> the water violently rushes in. And once
44:28
>> the water violently rushes in. And once
44:28
>> the water violently rushes in. And once even a small amount of water enters the
44:30
even a small amount of water enters the
44:30
even a small amount of water enters the lungs, the surfactant is washed away.
44:32
lungs, the surfactant is washed away.
44:32
lungs, the surfactant is washed away. Oxygen transfer stops entirely. The
44:34
Oxygen transfer stops entirely. The
44:34
Oxygen transfer stops entirely. The dog's panic multiplies tenfold. And a
44:36
dog's panic multiplies tenfold. And a
44:36
dog's panic multiplies tenfold. And a perfectly healthy, athletic dog can
44:38
perfectly healthy, athletic dog can
44:38
perfectly healthy, athletic dog can completely succumb to drowning within 1
44:40
completely succumb to drowning within 1
44:40
completely succumb to drowning within 1 to two minutes.
44:41
to two minutes.
44:41
to two minutes. >> 1 to two minutes.
44:42
>> 1 to two minutes.
44:42
>> 1 to two minutes. >> The mamalian diving reflex is a
44:44
>> The mamalian diving reflex is a
44:44
>> The mamalian diving reflex is a brilliant short-term survival tool
44:46
brilliant short-term survival tool
44:46
brilliant short-term survival tool designed for brief, controlled
44:47
designed for brief, controlled
44:47
designed for brief, controlled submersions. It is absolutely not
44:50
submersions. It is absolutely not
44:50
submersions. It is absolutely not designed to win a protracted war against
44:52
designed to win a protracted war against
44:52
designed to win a protracted war against total muscular exhaustion and soaring
44:54
total muscular exhaustion and soaring
44:54
total muscular exhaustion and soaring carbon dioxide levels.
44:55
carbon dioxide levels.
44:55
carbon dioxide levels. >> That is a deeply terrifying reality
44:57
>> That is a deeply terrifying reality
44:57
>> That is a deeply terrifying reality check for any owner who throws the ball
44:59
check for any owner who throws the ball
44:59
check for any owner who throws the ball just one more time.
45:00
just one more time.
45:00
just one more time. >> It's so easy to push them too far.
45:03
>> It's so easy to push them too far.
45:03
>> It's so easy to push them too far. >> But as I read further into the notes, I
45:05
>> But as I read further into the notes, I
45:05
>> But as I read further into the notes, I realized the danger isn't even over if
45:07
realized the danger isn't even over if
45:07
realized the danger isn't even over if you manage to pull them out right away,
45:09
you manage to pull them out right away,
45:09
you manage to pull them out right away, is it?
45:09
is it?
45:09
is it? >> Sadly, no. Even if you jump in and
45:11
>> Sadly, no. Even if you jump in and
45:11
>> Sadly, no. Even if you jump in and rescue the struggling dog the very
45:13
rescue the struggling dog the very
45:13
rescue the struggling dog the very moment they gasp or if they just swallow
45:16
moment they gasp or if they just swallow
45:16
moment they gasp or if they just swallow a wave the wrong way while playing, we
45:18
a wave the wrong way while playing, we
45:18
a wave the wrong way while playing, we have to talk about the hidden aftermath.
45:20
have to talk about the hidden aftermath.
45:20
have to talk about the hidden aftermath. The danger follows them home. Let's
45:23
The danger follows them home. Let's
45:23
The danger follows them home. Let's pivot and talk about the horrifying
45:25
pivot and talk about the horrifying
45:25
pivot and talk about the horrifying concept of dry drowning and then look at
45:28
concept of dry drowning and then look at
45:28
concept of dry drowning and then look at the microscopic forensic evidence that
45:30
the microscopic forensic evidence that
45:30
the microscopic forensic evidence that proves this whole biological story we've
45:32
proves this whole biological story we've
45:32
proves this whole biological story we've been telling.
45:33
been telling.
45:33
been telling. >> I am glad we are covering this because
45:35
>> I am glad we are covering this because
45:35
>> I am glad we are covering this because this is perhaps the most insidious
45:36
this is perhaps the most insidious
45:36
this is perhaps the most insidious terrifying part of water safety. It
45:38
terrifying part of water safety. It
45:38
terrifying part of water safety. It happens after the dog appears completely
45:40
happens after the dog appears completely
45:40
happens after the dog appears completely safe, dried off, and resting comfortably
45:42
safe, dried off, and resting comfortably
45:42
safe, dried off, and resting comfortably on dry land. We are talking about a
45:44
on dry land. We are talking about a
45:44
on dry land. We are talking about a phenomenon called secondary drowning,
45:46
phenomenon called secondary drowning,
45:46
phenomenon called secondary drowning, which is very commonly referred to by
45:48
which is very commonly referred to by
45:48
which is very commonly referred to by the public as dry drowning.
45:50
the public as dry drowning.
45:50
the public as dry drowning. >> Walk me through the actual biological
45:52
>> Walk me through the actual biological
45:52
>> Walk me through the actual biological mechanism here. How on earth can a dog
45:54
mechanism here. How on earth can a dog
45:54
mechanism here. How on earth can a dog functionally drown when they are sitting
45:56
functionally drown when they are sitting
45:56
functionally drown when they are sitting on the living room rug miles away from
45:58
on the living room rug miles away from
45:58
on the living room rug miles away from the pool?
45:59
the pool?
45:59
the pool? >> It all circles back to how incredibly
46:01
>> It all circles back to how incredibly
46:01
>> It all circles back to how incredibly aggressively reactive the canine airway
46:04
aggressively reactive the canine airway
46:04
aggressively reactive the canine airway is, which we discussed with the gag
46:05
is, which we discussed with the gag
46:05
is, which we discussed with the gag reflex. Let's say a dog is swimming and
46:07
reflex. Let's say a dog is swimming and
46:07
reflex. Let's say a dog is swimming and they get splashed or hit by a rough wave
46:09
they get splashed or hit by a rough wave
46:09
they get splashed or hit by a rough wave and they accidentally inhale just a tiny
46:12
and they accidentally inhale just a tiny
46:12
and they accidentally inhale just a tiny tiny amount of water.
46:13
tiny amount of water.
46:13
tiny amount of water. >> Just a splash.
46:14
>> Just a splash.
46:14
>> Just a splash. >> Just a splash. Maybe it wasn't nearly
46:16
>> Just a splash. Maybe it wasn't nearly
46:16
>> Just a splash. Maybe it wasn't nearly enough to reach the lungs or cause them
46:18
enough to reach the lungs or cause them
46:18
enough to reach the lungs or cause them to struggle, but it was enough to
46:19
to struggle, but it was enough to
46:19
to struggle, but it was enough to severely irritate the sensitive tissues
46:22
severely irritate the sensitive tissues
46:22
severely irritate the sensitive tissues of the larynx and the vocal cords on the
46:23
of the larynx and the vocal cords on the
46:23
of the larynx and the vocal cords on the way down.
46:24
way down.
46:24
way down. >> Okay, so the throat tissue is inflamed
46:27
>> Okay, so the throat tissue is inflamed
46:27
>> Okay, so the throat tissue is inflamed and irritated by the water. What does
46:28
and irritated by the water. What does
46:28
and irritated by the water. What does the body do?
46:29
the body do?
46:29
the body do? >> That intense irritation can cause the
46:32
>> That intense irritation can cause the
46:32
>> That intense irritation can cause the muscles of the larynx to spasm violently
46:34
muscles of the larynx to spasm violently
46:34
muscles of the larynx to spasm violently and cramp entirely shut. long after the
46:36
and cramp entirely shut. long after the
46:36
and cramp entirely shut. long after the dog is out of the water. This is called
46:38
dog is out of the water. This is called
46:38
dog is out of the water. This is called a laryingo spasm.
46:39
a laryingo spasm.
46:39
a laryingo spasm. >> Laringo spasm. So the airway basically
46:42
>> Laringo spasm. So the airway basically
46:42
>> Laringo spasm. So the airway basically panics and locks down while the dog is
46:43
panics and locks down while the dog is
46:44
panics and locks down while the dog is standing on dry land.
46:45
standing on dry land.
46:45
standing on dry land. >> Yes. And because the flaps are cramped
46:47
>> Yes. And because the flaps are cramped
46:47
>> Yes. And because the flaps are cramped shut, they literally cannot pull fresh
46:48
shut, they literally cannot pull fresh
46:48
shut, they literally cannot pull fresh air into their lungs. They esphyxiate on
46:50
air into their lungs. They esphyxiate on
46:50
air into their lungs. They esphyxiate on dry land.
46:51
dry land.
46:51
dry land. >> That is terrifying. The airway just
46:53
>> That is terrifying. The airway just
46:53
>> That is terrifying. The airway just closes in a delayed panic and stays
46:55
closes in a delayed panic and stays
46:55
closes in a delayed panic and stays closed. But there is another slower
46:58
closed. But there is another slower
46:58
closed. But there is another slower mechanism too, right? What if a small
47:00
mechanism too, right? What if a small
47:00
mechanism too, right? What if a small amount of water actually makes it past
47:02
amount of water actually makes it past
47:02
amount of water actually makes it past the cramping throat and reaches the deep
47:04
the cramping throat and reaches the deep
47:04
the cramping throat and reaches the deep lung tissue?
47:05
lung tissue?
47:05
lung tissue? >> That leads to a condition called
47:06
>> That leads to a condition called
47:06
>> That leads to a condition called pulmonary edema, which is the true
47:08
pulmonary edema, which is the true
47:08
pulmonary edema, which is the true hallmark of secondary drowning. Even
47:11
hallmark of secondary drowning. Even
47:11
hallmark of secondary drowning. Even tiny aspirated droplets of water act as
47:13
tiny aspirated droplets of water act as
47:13
tiny aspirated droplets of water act as a massive, hostile chemical irritant to
47:16
a massive, hostile chemical irritant to
47:16
a massive, hostile chemical irritant to the incredibly delicate alvolar sacks
47:18
the incredibly delicate alvolar sacks
47:18
the incredibly delicate alvolar sacks deep inside the lungs.
47:19
deep inside the lungs.
47:20
deep inside the lungs. >> You don't belong there.
47:20
>> You don't belong there.
47:20
>> You don't belong there. >> Exactly. In response to this harsh
47:22
>> Exactly. In response to this harsh
47:22
>> Exactly. In response to this harsh irritation, the dog's immune system
47:24
irritation, the dog's immune system
47:24
irritation, the dog's immune system triggers a massive inflammatory response
47:26
triggers a massive inflammatory response
47:26
triggers a massive inflammatory response to protect the tissue. capillaries
47:28
to protect the tissue. capillaries
47:28
to protect the tissue. capillaries dilate and fluid from the dog's own
47:30
dilate and fluid from the dog's own
47:30
dilate and fluid from the dog's own bloodstream begins to leak across the
47:32
bloodstream begins to leak across the
47:32
bloodstream begins to leak across the cellular membranes, slowly filling the
47:34
cellular membranes, slowly filling the
47:34
cellular membranes, slowly filling the air sacks with fluid.
47:35
air sacks with fluid.
47:35
air sacks with fluid. >> So, they are essentially slowly drowning
47:37
>> So, they are essentially slowly drowning
47:37
>> So, they are essentially slowly drowning in their own body fluids hours after the
47:39
in their own body fluids hours after the
47:39
in their own body fluids hours after the swim is over.
47:40
swim is over.
47:40
swim is over. >> Exactly. The lungs slowly fill with
47:42
>> Exactly. The lungs slowly fill with
47:42
>> Exactly. The lungs slowly fill with fluid from the inside out, severely
47:44
fluid from the inside out, severely
47:44
fluid from the inside out, severely compromising oxygen transfer. And the
47:46
compromising oxygen transfer. And the
47:46
compromising oxygen transfer. And the most dangerous part is that this slow
47:48
most dangerous part is that this slow
47:48
most dangerous part is that this slow internal flooding process can take up to
47:50
internal flooding process can take up to
47:50
internal flooding process can take up to 24 hours to fully develop into a crisis.
47:53
24 hours to fully develop into a crisis.
47:53
24 hours to fully develop into a crisis. Okay, so if I'm a listener and I took my
47:55
Okay, so if I'm a listener and I took my
47:55
Okay, so if I'm a listener and I took my dog to the beach today, what are the
47:57
dog to the beach today, what are the
47:57
dog to the beach today, what are the specific undeniable emergency symptoms I
48:00
specific undeniable emergency symptoms I
48:00
specific undeniable emergency symptoms I need to be watching for after we get
48:01
need to be watching for after we get
48:01
need to be watching for after we get home?
48:02
home?
48:02
home? >> You need to monitor your dog very
48:04
>> You need to monitor your dog very
48:04
>> You need to monitor your dog very closely for several hours after any
48:06
closely for several hours after any
48:06
closely for several hours after any intense swimming session, especially if
48:08
intense swimming session, especially if
48:08
intense swimming session, especially if you saw them cough or sputter while in
48:09
you saw them cough or sputter while in
48:09
you saw them cough or sputter while in the water.
48:10
the water.
48:10
the water. >> Okay, what are the red flags?
48:11
>> Okay, what are the red flags?
48:11
>> Okay, what are the red flags? >> The primary red flags are a persistent
48:14
>> The primary red flags are a persistent
48:14
>> The primary red flags are a persistent wet gurgly cough that lasts for more
48:17
wet gurgly cough that lasts for more
48:17
wet gurgly cough that lasts for more than a minute. We aren't talking about a
48:19
than a minute. We aren't talking about a
48:19
than a minute. We aren't talking about a quick dry throat clearing hack to get
48:21
quick dry throat clearing hack to get
48:21
quick dry throat clearing hack to get rid of some sand,
48:22
rid of some sand,
48:22
rid of some sand, >> right? Dogs do that all the time.
48:23
>> right? Dogs do that all the time.
48:23
>> right? Dogs do that all the time. >> We are talking about a deep, wet,
48:25
>> We are talking about a deep, wet,
48:25
>> We are talking about a deep, wet, bubbling cough that sounds like fluid
48:27
bubbling cough that sounds like fluid
48:27
bubbling cough that sounds like fluid moving. You also need to physically
48:29
moving. You also need to physically
48:29
moving. You also need to physically check their gums.
48:31
check their gums.
48:31
check their gums. >> Their gums.
48:31
>> Their gums.
48:32
>> Their gums. >> Yes. Healthy oxygenated gums are a
48:34
>> Yes. Healthy oxygenated gums are a
48:34
>> Yes. Healthy oxygenated gums are a bright bubble gum pink. If the gums are
48:36
bright bubble gum pink. If the gums are
48:36
bright bubble gum pink. If the gums are pale, gray, or have a distinct blue or
48:39
pale, gray, or have a distinct blue or
48:39
pale, gray, or have a distinct blue or purple tinge, a medical condition called
48:41
purple tinge, a medical condition called
48:41
purple tinge, a medical condition called cyanosis, it means their blood is being
48:43
cyanosis, it means their blood is being
48:43
cyanosis, it means their blood is being starved of oxygen.
48:44
starved of oxygen.
48:44
starved of oxygen. >> Blue gums. That is scary.
48:46
>> Blue gums. That is scary.
48:46
>> Blue gums. That is scary. >> Very. And finally, watch for extreme
48:49
>> Very. And finally, watch for extreme
48:49
>> Very. And finally, watch for extreme uncharacteristic lethargy. If your
48:52
uncharacteristic lethargy. If your
48:52
uncharacteristic lethargy. If your normally hyperd dog finishes swimming
48:53
normally hyperd dog finishes swimming
48:53
normally hyperd dog finishes swimming and immediately collapses, refuses to
48:55
and immediately collapses, refuses to
48:55
and immediately collapses, refuses to move, stares blankly at the wall or
48:58
move, stares blankly at the wall or
48:58
move, stares blankly at the wall or seems deeply disoriented and exhausted,
49:00
seems deeply disoriented and exhausted,
49:00
seems deeply disoriented and exhausted, that is a massive red flag.
49:02
that is a massive red flag.
49:02
that is a massive red flag. >> So, if a listener sees that wet cough,
49:05
>> So, if a listener sees that wet cough,
49:05
>> So, if a listener sees that wet cough, notices the blue gums, or sees that
49:07
notices the blue gums, or sees that
49:07
notices the blue gums, or sees that scary level of lethargy, what is the
49:10
scary level of lethargy, what is the
49:10
scary level of lethargy, what is the protocol? Do they wait and see if it
49:12
protocol? Do they wait and see if it
49:12
protocol? Do they wait and see if it clears up? Do they try to pat the dog's
49:14
clears up? Do they try to pat the dog's
49:14
clears up? Do they try to pat the dog's back?
49:15
back?
49:15
back? >> Absolutely not. There is zero time to
49:17
>> Absolutely not. There is zero time to
49:17
>> Absolutely not. There is zero time to wait and see. And I cannot stress this
49:19
wait and see. And I cannot stress this
49:19
wait and see. And I cannot stress this enough. There are zero home remedies for
49:21
enough. There are zero home remedies for
49:21
enough. There are zero home remedies for pulmonary edema.
49:22
pulmonary edema.
49:22
pulmonary edema. >> None.
49:23
>> None.
49:23
>> None. >> None. You must immediately transport the
49:26
>> None. You must immediately transport the
49:26
>> None. You must immediately transport the dog to the nearest emergency veterinary
49:28
dog to the nearest emergency veterinary
49:28
dog to the nearest emergency veterinary hospital. Call them while you are
49:29
hospital. Call them while you are
49:30
hospital. Call them while you are driving to let them know you are coming
49:31
driving to let them know you are coming
49:31
driving to let them know you are coming in with a suspected secondary drowning.
49:33
in with a suspected secondary drowning.
49:33
in with a suspected secondary drowning. >> What will the vet do?
49:35
>> What will the vet do?
49:35
>> What will the vet do? >> The dog will urgently need high flow
49:37
>> The dog will urgently need high flow
49:37
>> The dog will urgently need high flow supplemental oxygen, potentially
49:39
supplemental oxygen, potentially
49:39
supplemental oxygen, potentially powerful introvenous diuretics to force
49:42
powerful introvenous diuretics to force
49:42
powerful introvenous diuretics to force the body to clear the fluid from the
49:44
the body to clear the fluid from the
49:44
the body to clear the fluid from the lungs, and intensive roundthe-clock
49:46
lungs, and intensive roundthe-clock
49:46
lungs, and intensive roundthe-clock monitoring of their blood oxygen levels.
49:48
monitoring of their blood oxygen levels.
49:48
monitoring of their blood oxygen levels. Okay, so we've covered the grim scary
49:50
Okay, so we've covered the grim scary
49:50
Okay, so we've covered the grim scary realities of what happens when things go
49:52
realities of what happens when things go
49:52
realities of what happens when things go wrong. But I want to explore the
49:54
wrong. But I want to explore the
49:54
wrong. But I want to explore the forensic pathology side of this because
49:56
forensic pathology side of this because
49:56
forensic pathology side of this because I found it totally fascinating when I
49:57
I found it totally fascinating when I
49:58
I found it totally fascinating when I read the sources.
49:58
read the sources.
49:58
read the sources. >> The forensic side is amazing,
50:00
>> The forensic side is amazing,
50:00
>> The forensic side is amazing, >> right? And it acts as the perfect
50:02
>> right? And it acts as the perfect
50:02
>> right? And it acts as the perfect undeniable proof of the entire
50:04
undeniable proof of the entire
50:04
undeniable proof of the entire biological argument we've been making
50:06
biological argument we've been making
50:06
biological argument we've been making this entire deep dive. Let's say
50:08
this entire deep dive. Let's say
50:08
this entire deep dive. Let's say tragically a dog passes away in the
50:10
tragically a dog passes away in the
50:10
tragically a dog passes away in the water. How do veterinary forensic
50:12
water. How do veterinary forensic
50:12
water. How do veterinary forensic pathologists know for absolute
50:15
pathologists know for absolute
50:15
pathologists know for absolute scientific sure if the dog actively
50:18
scientific sure if the dog actively
50:18
scientific sure if the dog actively inhaled and breathed the water in a
50:19
inhaled and breathed the water in a
50:19
inhaled and breathed the water in a panic or if they simply held their
50:21
panic or if they simply held their
50:21
panic or if they simply held their breath perfectly until their heart gave
50:23
breath perfectly until their heart gave
50:23
breath perfectly until their heart gave out from exhaustion?
50:24
out from exhaustion?
50:24
out from exhaustion? >> Forensic science has an incredibly
50:26
>> Forensic science has an incredibly
50:26
>> Forensic science has an incredibly elegant microscopic tool for answering
50:28
elegant microscopic tool for answering
50:28
elegant microscopic tool for answering exactly that question. And it is known
50:30
exactly that question. And it is known
50:30
exactly that question. And it is known as the datm test.
50:31
as the datm test.
50:32
as the datm test. >> The datm test.
50:33
>> The datm test.
50:33
>> The datm test. >> It provides the ultimate irrefutable
50:35
>> It provides the ultimate irrefutable
50:35
>> It provides the ultimate irrefutable microscopic proof of what biologically
50:37
microscopic proof of what biologically
50:37
microscopic proof of what biologically occurred in a dog's final moments
50:39
occurred in a dog's final moments
50:39
occurred in a dog's final moments underwater. Okay, let's break this down
50:41
underwater. Okay, let's break this down
50:41
underwater. Okay, let's break this down for the listener. What exactly is a
50:43
for the listener. What exactly is a
50:43
for the listener. What exactly is a datome?
50:43
datome?
50:44
datome? >> Datoms are microscopic single-sellled
50:46
>> Datoms are microscopic single-sellled
50:46
>> Datoms are microscopic single-sellled algae. They are incredibly abundant and
50:49
algae. They are incredibly abundant and
50:49
algae. They are incredibly abundant and live in almost all natural bodies of
50:50
live in almost all natural bodies of
50:50
live in almost all natural bodies of water across the globe. Lakes, rivers,
50:52
water across the globe. Lakes, rivers,
50:52
water across the globe. Lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds, and even sometimes poorly
50:55
oceans, ponds, and even sometimes poorly
50:55
oceans, ponds, and even sometimes poorly maintained swimming pool.
50:57
maintained swimming pool.
50:57
maintained swimming pool. >> So, they're everywhere.
50:57
>> So, they're everywhere.
50:58
>> So, they're everywhere. >> Everywhere. But what makes them
50:59
>> Everywhere. But what makes them
50:59
>> Everywhere. But what makes them scientifically useful is that they
51:01
scientifically useful is that they
51:01
scientifically useful is that they possess incredibly tough, unique cell
51:03
possess incredibly tough, unique cell
51:03
possess incredibly tough, unique cell walls made entirely of silica. They're
51:05
walls made entirely of silica. They're
51:05
walls made entirely of silica. They're basically wearing microscopic suits of
51:07
basically wearing microscopic suits of
51:07
basically wearing microscopic suits of armor made of glass. Microscopic glass
51:10
armor made of glass. Microscopic glass
51:10
armor made of glass. Microscopic glass algae. That sounds beautiful and kind of
51:12
algae. That sounds beautiful and kind of
51:12
algae. That sounds beautiful and kind of bizarre. Okay, so how does finding these
51:15
bizarre. Okay, so how does finding these
51:15
bizarre. Okay, so how does finding these glass algae prove whether a dog actively
51:18
glass algae prove whether a dog actively
51:18
glass algae prove whether a dog actively breathed water or not?
51:19
breathed water or not?
51:19
breathed water or not? >> It comes down to the mechanics of
51:20
>> It comes down to the mechanics of
51:20
>> It comes down to the mechanics of circulation. If a dog is conscious,
51:22
circulation. If a dog is conscious,
51:22
circulation. If a dog is conscious, panicking, and actively gasping and
51:24
panicking, and actively gasping and
51:24
panicking, and actively gasping and breathing underwater, they pull the
51:26
breathing underwater, they pull the
51:26
breathing underwater, they pull the water and consequently millions of these
51:29
water and consequently millions of these
51:29
water and consequently millions of these microscopic diadems deep down into their
51:31
microscopic diadems deep down into their
51:31
microscopic diadems deep down into their lungs.
51:32
lungs.
51:32
lungs. >> And the glass armor helps them survive
51:33
>> And the glass armor helps them survive
51:33
>> And the glass armor helps them survive in there. sort of the physical pressure
51:36
in there. sort of the physical pressure
51:36
in there. sort of the physical pressure of the dog's struggle and the deep
51:37
of the dog's struggle and the deep
51:37
of the dog's struggle and the deep inhalation forces these tiny sharp
51:40
inhalation forces these tiny sharp
51:40
inhalation forces these tiny sharp silica shells to physically puncture and
51:43
silica shells to physically puncture and
51:43
silica shells to physically puncture and cross the alvolar capillary barrier in
51:46
cross the alvolar capillary barrier in
51:46
cross the alvolar capillary barrier in the lungs entering directly into the
51:48
the lungs entering directly into the
51:48
the lungs entering directly into the bloodstream.
51:48
bloodstream.
51:48
bloodstream. >> And because the dog is still alive and
51:50
>> And because the dog is still alive and
51:50
>> And because the dog is still alive and struggling, the heart is still actively
51:51
struggling, the heart is still actively
51:52
struggling, the heart is still actively pumping that blood.
51:53
pumping that blood.
51:53
pumping that blood. >> Exactly. The heart is still beating
51:54
>> Exactly. The heart is still beating
51:54
>> Exactly. The heart is still beating furiously. So it pumps that contaminated
51:56
furiously. So it pumps that contaminated
51:56
furiously. So it pumps that contaminated blood carrying the datoms throughout the
51:58
blood carrying the datoms throughout the
51:58
blood carrying the datoms throughout the entire circulatory system depositing
52:01
entire circulatory system depositing
52:01
entire circulatory system depositing them deep into the tissues of various
52:03
them deep into the tissues of various
52:03
them deep into the tissues of various organs
52:03
organs
52:03
organs >> like where
52:05
>> like where
52:05
>> like where >> most importantly lodging them deep
52:06
>> most importantly lodging them deep
52:06
>> most importantly lodging them deep inside the bone marrow.
52:07
inside the bone marrow.
52:08
inside the bone marrow. >> But what if the dog's mamlian diving
52:10
>> But what if the dog's mamlian diving
52:10
>> But what if the dog's mamlian diving reflex worked absolutely perfectly?
52:12
reflex worked absolutely perfectly?
52:12
reflex worked absolutely perfectly? >> What if they held their breath, kept the
52:14
>> What if they held their breath, kept the
52:14
>> What if they held their breath, kept the cartilage vault door tightly sealed, but
52:17
cartilage vault door tightly sealed, but
52:17
cartilage vault door tightly sealed, but sadly passed away from sudden cardiac
52:19
sadly passed away from sudden cardiac
52:19
sadly passed away from sudden cardiac arrest or extreme hypothermia before
52:22
arrest or extreme hypothermia before
52:22
arrest or extreme hypothermia before they ever opened their mouth to gasp. In
52:25
they ever opened their mouth to gasp. In
52:25
they ever opened their mouth to gasp. In that tragic scenario, water only enters
52:27
that tragic scenario, water only enters
52:27
that tragic scenario, water only enters the lungs passively, trickling in long
52:30
the lungs passively, trickling in long
52:30
the lungs passively, trickling in long after the dog has lost consciousness and
52:31
after the dog has lost consciousness and
52:32
after the dog has lost consciousness and the heart has completely stopped
52:33
the heart has completely stopped
52:33
the heart has completely stopped beating.
52:34
beating.
52:34
beating. >> So, the pump is off.
52:35
>> So, the pump is off.
52:35
>> So, the pump is off. >> The pump is off because there is no
52:37
>> The pump is off because there is no
52:37
>> The pump is off because there is no active heartbeat and no blood
52:38
active heartbeat and no blood
52:38
active heartbeat and no blood circulation. The diadems that float into
52:41
circulation. The diadems that float into
52:41
circulation. The diadems that float into the lungs simply stay in the lungs. They
52:43
the lungs simply stay in the lungs. They
52:43
the lungs simply stay in the lungs. They do not cross into the bloodstream and
52:45
do not cross into the bloodstream and
52:45
do not cross into the bloodstream and they absolutely never reach the enclosed
52:46
they absolutely never reach the enclosed
52:46
they absolutely never reach the enclosed fortress of the bone marrow.
52:48
fortress of the bone marrow.
52:48
fortress of the bone marrow. >> Wow. So when veterinary pathologists are
52:51
>> Wow. So when veterinary pathologists are
52:51
>> Wow. So when veterinary pathologists are performing a necropsy to determine the
52:53
performing a necropsy to determine the
52:53
performing a necropsy to determine the cause of death,
52:54
cause of death,
52:54
cause of death, >> they surgically extract a sample of the
52:56
>> they surgically extract a sample of the
52:56
>> they surgically extract a sample of the dog's bone marrow, usually from the
52:57
dog's bone marrow, usually from the
52:57
dog's bone marrow, usually from the femur. They then treat this marrow
52:59
femur. They then treat this marrow
52:59
femur. They then treat this marrow sample with boiling nitric acid.
53:01
sample with boiling nitric acid.
53:01
sample with boiling nitric acid. >> Boiling acid.
53:02
>> Boiling acid.
53:02
>> Boiling acid. >> Yes. The harsh acid completely dissolves
53:04
>> Yes. The harsh acid completely dissolves
53:04
>> Yes. The harsh acid completely dissolves all the biological fat, tissue, and bone
53:06
all the biological fat, tissue, and bone
53:06
all the biological fat, tissue, and bone matrix, but it cannot dissolve the tough
53:08
matrix, but it cannot dissolve the tough
53:08
matrix, but it cannot dissolve the tough silica glass shells of the datoms. The
53:11
silica glass shells of the datoms. The
53:11
silica glass shells of the datoms. The silica survives the acid bath.
53:13
silica survives the acid bath.
53:13
silica survives the acid bath. >> That is wild. The pathologist then looks
53:15
>> That is wild. The pathologist then looks
53:15
>> That is wild. The pathologist then looks at the remaining sample under a
53:17
at the remaining sample under a
53:17
at the remaining sample under a highowered microscope. If they find
53:20
highowered microscope. If they find
53:20
highowered microscope. If they find datoms embedded in the marrow, it is
53:23
datoms embedded in the marrow, it is
53:23
datoms embedded in the marrow, it is definitive, undeniable biological proof
53:25
definitive, undeniable biological proof
53:26
definitive, undeniable biological proof that the dog's heart was beating while
53:27
that the dog's heart was beating while
53:28
that the dog's heart was beating while they actively breathe water into their
53:29
they actively breathe water into their
53:29
they actively breathe water into their lungs.
53:30
lungs.
53:30
lungs. >> And if it's clean,
53:31
>> And if it's clean,
53:31
>> And if it's clean, >> if the marrow is completely clean and
53:33
>> if the marrow is completely clean and
53:33
>> if the marrow is completely clean and clear of datoms, it proves conclusively
53:35
clear of datoms, it proves conclusively
53:36
clear of datoms, it proves conclusively that the dog relied on its natural
53:38
that the dog relied on its natural
53:38
that the dog relied on its natural breath hold and kept its airway sealed
53:40
breath hold and kept its airway sealed
53:40
breath hold and kept its airway sealed until the very end.
53:41
until the very end.
53:42
until the very end. >> That is just incredible science. It is
53:44
>> That is just incredible science. It is
53:44
>> That is just incredible science. It is the ultimate irrefutable biological
53:46
the ultimate irrefutable biological
53:46
the ultimate irrefutable biological proof of the breath hold we've been
53:48
proof of the breath hold we've been
53:48
proof of the breath hold we've been talking about. The fact that dogs who
53:50
talking about. The fact that dogs who
53:50
talking about. The fact that dogs who simply hold their breath have zero datms
53:52
simply hold their breath have zero datms
53:52
simply hold their breath have zero datms in their marrow really highlights how
53:54
in their marrow really highlights how
53:54
in their marrow really highlights how absolute and perfect that airway seal is
53:57
absolute and perfect that airway seal is
53:57
absolute and perfect that airway seal is when it functions the way nature
53:58
when it functions the way nature
53:58
when it functions the way nature intended.
53:58
intended.
53:58
intended. >> It's a perfect seal.
53:59
>> It's a perfect seal.
53:59
>> It's a perfect seal. >> So with all these hidden complex dangers
54:02
>> So with all these hidden complex dangers
54:02
>> So with all these hidden complex dangers mapped out from anatomical snout
54:03
mapped out from anatomical snout
54:03
mapped out from anatomical snout limitations to the 130 receptors to the
54:06
limitations to the 130 receptors to the
54:06
limitations to the 130 receptors to the silent threat of dry drowning, how can
54:08
silent threat of dry drowning, how can
54:08
silent threat of dry drowning, how can the listener ensure their dog has a fun,
54:11
the listener ensure their dog has a fun,
54:11
the listener ensure their dog has a fun, completely safe time swimming? Let's
54:13
completely safe time swimming? Let's
54:13
completely safe time swimming? Let's take all this dense science and
54:15
take all this dense science and
54:15
take all this dense science and translate it into some highly actionable
54:16
translate it into some highly actionable
54:16
translate it into some highly actionable advice.
54:17
advice.
54:17
advice. >> I completely agree. It is essential we
54:19
>> I completely agree. It is essential we
54:19
>> I completely agree. It is essential we take this complex biology and neurology
54:21
take this complex biology and neurology
54:21
take this complex biology and neurology and distill it into practical everyday
54:23
and distill it into practical everyday
54:23
and distill it into practical everyday safety steps. Emergency veterinarians
54:26
safety steps. Emergency veterinarians
54:26
safety steps. Emergency veterinarians have developed very specific, easily
54:28
have developed very specific, easily
54:28
have developed very specific, easily applicable guidelines that they
54:30
applicable guidelines that they
54:30
applicable guidelines that they desperately wish every dog owner knew
54:32
desperately wish every dog owner knew
54:32
desperately wish every dog owner knew and followed before heading to the lake.
54:35
and followed before heading to the lake.
54:35
and followed before heading to the lake. >> Let's lay out the definitive rules of
54:36
>> Let's lay out the definitive rules of
54:36
>> Let's lay out the definitive rules of the pool based on the vet sources. I
54:39
the pool based on the vet sources. I
54:39
the pool based on the vet sources. I remember reading the first one and being
54:40
remember reading the first one and being
54:40
remember reading the first one and being genuinely surprised. What is rule number
54:42
genuinely surprised. What is rule number
54:42
genuinely surprised. What is rule number one?
54:43
one?
54:43
one? >> Rule number one is what emergency vets
54:44
>> Rule number one is what emergency vets
54:44
>> Rule number one is what emergency vets call the 12 second rule.
54:46
call the 12 second rule.
54:46
call the 12 second rule. >> The 12-cond rule. Okay. How does that
54:48
>> The 12-cond rule. Okay. How does that
54:48
>> The 12-cond rule. Okay. How does that work?
54:48
work?
54:48
work? >> When you throw a heavy toy into the
54:50
>> When you throw a heavy toy into the
54:50
>> When you throw a heavy toy into the water and your dog dives under the
54:51
water and your dog dives under the
54:52
water and your dog dives under the surface to search for it, you need to
54:54
surface to search for it, you need to
54:54
surface to search for it, you need to actively, consciously count the seconds
54:56
actively, consciously count the seconds
54:56
actively, consciously count the seconds your dog is fully submerged. 1 2 3. If
55:00
your dog is fully submerged. 1 2 3. If
55:00
your dog is fully submerged. 1 2 3. If they pass 12 seconds underwater, you
55:02
they pass 12 seconds underwater, you
55:02
they pass 12 seconds underwater, you need to immediately intervene.
55:03
need to immediately intervene.
55:03
need to immediately intervene. >> How do you intervene? Jump in.
55:05
>> How do you intervene? Jump in.
55:05
>> How do you intervene? Jump in. >> Slap the water. Call their name loudly.
55:07
>> Slap the water. Call their name loudly.
55:08
>> Slap the water. Call their name loudly. Do whatever it takes to break their
55:09
Do whatever it takes to break their
55:09
Do whatever it takes to break their focus and call them up to the surface.
55:11
focus and call them up to the surface.
55:11
focus and call them up to the surface. Why 12 seconds specifically? Is that a
55:13
Why 12 seconds specifically? Is that a
55:13
Why 12 seconds specifically? Is that a magic biological number?
55:14
magic biological number?
55:14
magic biological number? >> It is the generally accepted safe
55:16
>> It is the generally accepted safe
55:16
>> It is the generally accepted safe threshold before oxygen depletion
55:19
threshold before oxygen depletion
55:19
threshold before oxygen depletion combined with rising carbon dioxide
55:21
combined with rising carbon dioxide
55:21
combined with rising carbon dioxide starts to force psychological panic.
55:24
starts to force psychological panic.
55:24
starts to force psychological panic. >> Oh,
55:25
>> Oh,
55:25
>> Oh, >> remember the moment they went under,
55:27
>> remember the moment they went under,
55:27
>> remember the moment they went under, their heart rate plummeted by up to 50%.
55:30
their heart rate plummeted by up to 50%.
55:30
their heart rate plummeted by up to 50%. Their body is in crisis mode, even if
55:32
Their body is in crisis mode, even if
55:32
Their body is in crisis mode, even if they look like they having fun. If they
55:34
they look like they having fun. If they
55:34
they look like they having fun. If they hit that 12 second mark, you must bring
55:36
hit that 12 second mark, you must bring
55:36
hit that 12 second mark, you must bring them up and enforce a mandatory rest
55:39
them up and enforce a mandatory rest
55:39
them up and enforce a mandatory rest period so they can clear the carbon
55:40
period so they can clear the carbon
55:40
period so they can clear the carbon dioxide.
55:41
dioxide.
55:41
dioxide. >> I love that rule. It gives owners a hard
55:44
>> I love that rule. It gives owners a hard
55:44
>> I love that rule. It gives owners a hard concrete number to watch instead of just
55:45
concrete number to watch instead of just
55:46
concrete number to watch instead of just guessing if their dog looks tired. Rule
55:48
guessing if their dog looks tired. Rule
55:48
guessing if their dog looks tired. Rule one, the 12-second rule. Okay, what is
55:50
one, the 12-second rule. Okay, what is
55:50
one, the 12-second rule. Okay, what is rule two?
55:51
rule two?
55:51
rule two? >> Rule two is incredibly important and it
55:53
>> Rule two is incredibly important and it
55:53
>> Rule two is incredibly important and it goes against human logic. Do not train
55:56
goes against human logic. Do not train
55:56
goes against human logic. Do not train your dog for breath holding.
55:58
your dog for breath holding.
55:58
your dog for breath holding. >> See, I can see why people would try,
55:59
>> See, I can see why people would try,
55:59
>> See, I can see why people would try, though. Yeah. I assumed that if I threw
56:01
though. Yeah. I assumed that if I threw
56:01
though. Yeah. I assumed that if I threw the toy a little deeper each time, they
56:03
the toy a little deeper each time, they
56:03
the toy a little deeper each time, they would get better at holding their
56:04
would get better at holding their
56:04
would get better at holding their breath, their lungs would get stronger,
56:05
breath, their lungs would get stronger,
56:05
breath, their lungs would get stronger, and they would ultimately be safer in
56:07
and they would ultimately be safer in
56:07
and they would ultimately be safer in the water.
56:07
the water.
56:07
the water. >> It's a logical assumption, but it is
56:09
>> It's a logical assumption, but it is
56:09
>> It's a logical assumption, but it is biologically flawed. Practice does not
56:12
biologically flawed. Practice does not
56:12
biologically flawed. Practice does not change their fundamental hardwired
56:13
change their fundamental hardwired
56:13
change their fundamental hardwired biology.
56:14
biology.
56:14
biology. >> It doesn't upgrade the medulla.
56:16
>> It doesn't upgrade the medulla.
56:16
>> It doesn't upgrade the medulla. >> Exactly. You simply cannot teach canine
56:18
>> Exactly. You simply cannot teach canine
56:18
>> Exactly. You simply cannot teach canine lungs to somehow tolerate hypoxia, the
56:22
lungs to somehow tolerate hypoxia, the
56:22
lungs to somehow tolerate hypoxia, the lack of oxygen better. Encouraging a dog
56:25
lack of oxygen better. Encouraging a dog
56:25
lack of oxygen better. Encouraging a dog to stay underwater for progressively
56:26
to stay underwater for progressively
56:26
to stay underwater for progressively longer durations, just artificially and
56:28
longer durations, just artificially and
56:28
longer durations, just artificially and unnecessarily, increases the risk of
56:31
unnecessarily, increases the risk of
56:31
unnecessarily, increases the risk of them eventually reaching their absolute
56:33
them eventually reaching their absolute
56:33
them eventually reaching their absolute physiological breaking point and
56:34
physiological breaking point and
56:34
physiological breaking point and involuntarily gasping.
56:36
involuntarily gasping.
56:36
involuntarily gasping. >> You're pushing them closer to the edge.
56:38
>> You're pushing them closer to the edge.
56:38
>> You're pushing them closer to the edge. >> You are just rolling the dice with their
56:39
>> You are just rolling the dice with their
56:40
>> You are just rolling the dice with their diving reflex.
56:41
diving reflex.
56:41
diving reflex. >> So, if we aren't training them to hold
56:43
>> So, if we aren't training them to hold
56:43
>> So, if we aren't training them to hold their breath, what should we be training
56:45
their breath, what should we be training
56:45
their breath, what should we be training them to do in the water to keep them
56:47
them to do in the water to keep them
56:47
them to do in the water to keep them safe?
56:47
safe?
56:47
safe? >> Instead of training for dive duration,
56:49
>> Instead of training for dive duration,
56:49
>> Instead of training for dive duration, you must train for navigation. The
56:52
you must train for navigation. The
56:52
you must train for navigation. The absolute very first thing you should do
56:54
absolute very first thing you should do
56:54
absolute very first thing you should do when introducing your dog to any new
56:55
when introducing your dog to any new
56:55
when introducing your dog to any new body of water, but especially a man-made
56:57
body of water, but especially a man-made
56:57
body of water, but especially a man-made swimming pool, is to physically get in
56:59
swimming pool, is to physically get in
56:59
swimming pool, is to physically get in the water with them and gently guide
57:01
the water with them and gently guide
57:01
the water with them and gently guide them to the stairs or the exit ramp.
57:03
them to the stairs or the exit ramp.
57:03
them to the stairs or the exit ramp. >> Like, show them the way out.
57:04
>> Like, show them the way out.
57:04
>> Like, show them the way out. >> Show them the way out. Do it five times.
57:06
>> Show them the way out. Do it five times.
57:06
>> Show them the way out. Do it five times. Do it 10 times. They need to build a
57:08
Do it 10 times. They need to build a
57:08
Do it 10 times. They need to build a solid mental and visual map of exactly
57:10
solid mental and visual map of exactly
57:10
solid mental and visual map of exactly how to escape the water.
57:12
how to escape the water.
57:12
how to escape the water. >> Why is that map so important? Because
57:14
>> Why is that map so important? Because
57:14
>> Why is that map so important? Because when exhaustion or panic inevitably sets
57:16
when exhaustion or panic inevitably sets
57:16
when exhaustion or panic inevitably sets in, a dog's instinct is to swim blindly
57:19
in, a dog's instinct is to swim blindly
57:20
in, a dog's instinct is to swim blindly toward the absolute nearest edge. And in
57:22
toward the absolute nearest edge. And in
57:22
toward the absolute nearest edge. And in a backyard pool, that nearest edge is
57:24
a backyard pool, that nearest edge is
57:24
a backyard pool, that nearest edge is almost always a straight, slippery,
57:26
almost always a straight, slippery,
57:26
almost always a straight, slippery, vertical wall that they cannot possibly
57:28
vertical wall that they cannot possibly
57:28
vertical wall that they cannot possibly climb.
57:29
climb.
57:29
climb. >> And then they just tire themselves out
57:30
>> And then they just tire themselves out
57:30
>> And then they just tire themselves out trying to climb a wall.
57:31
trying to climb a wall.
57:31
trying to climb a wall. >> Exactly. Knowing exactly where the
57:33
>> Exactly. Knowing exactly where the
57:33
>> Exactly. Knowing exactly where the stairs are, even in a panic, saves
57:36
stairs are, even in a panic, saves
57:36
stairs are, even in a panic, saves lives.
57:36
lives.
57:36
lives. >> That is a phenomenal tip. Train the
57:38
>> That is a phenomenal tip. Train the
57:38
>> That is a phenomenal tip. Train the exit. Build the mental map. Don't train
57:40
exit. Build the mental map. Don't train
57:40
exit. Build the mental map. Don't train the breathold. Okay. What is rule three?
57:43
the breathold. Okay. What is rule three?
57:44
the breathold. Okay. What is rule three? >> Rule three is entirely about managing
57:45
>> Rule three is entirely about managing
57:46
>> Rule three is entirely about managing their endurance and preventing that
57:47
their endurance and preventing that
57:47
their endurance and preventing that exhaustion override we discussed
57:49
exhaustion override we discussed
57:49
exhaustion override we discussed earlier. Avoid throwing the toy
57:51
earlier. Avoid throwing the toy
57:51
earlier. Avoid throwing the toy repeatedly into the deep end of the
57:53
repeatedly into the deep end of the
57:53
repeatedly into the deep end of the water
57:53
water
57:53
water >> because that's what leads directly to
57:55
>> because that's what leads directly to
57:55
>> because that's what leads directly to the rapid exhaustion that breaks the
57:56
the rapid exhaustion that breaks the
57:56
the rapid exhaustion that breaks the reflex.
57:57
reflex.
57:57
reflex. >> Exactly. We see so many well-meaning
57:59
>> Exactly. We see so many well-meaning
57:59
>> Exactly. We see so many well-meaning owners standing at the edge of a lake
58:01
owners standing at the edge of a lake
58:01
owners standing at the edge of a lake launching a heavy tennis ball 50 yards
58:03
launching a heavy tennis ball 50 yards
58:03
launching a heavy tennis ball 50 yards out into deep water over and over and
58:06
out into deep water over and over and
58:06
out into deep water over and over and over again
58:06
over again
58:06
over again >> thinking they're just tiring the dog out
58:08
>> thinking they're just tiring the dog out
58:08
>> thinking they're just tiring the dog out in a good way.
58:09
in a good way.
58:09
in a good way. >> Right? But the problem is that many
58:11
>> Right? But the problem is that many
58:11
>> Right? But the problem is that many dogs, especially retrievers and
58:13
dogs, especially retrievers and
58:13
dogs, especially retrievers and spananiels, are driven by an incredibly
58:15
spananiels, are driven by an incredibly
58:15
spananiels, are driven by an incredibly high prey drive. Their brain is so
58:18
high prey drive. Their brain is so
58:18
high prey drive. Their brain is so hyperfocused on retrieving the prey that
58:20
hyperfocused on retrieving the prey that
58:20
hyperfocused on retrieving the prey that they will not stop themselves. Even when
58:22
they will not stop themselves. Even when
58:22
they will not stop themselves. Even when their muscles are failing, and they are
58:24
their muscles are failing, and they are
58:24
their muscles are failing, and they are catastrophically exhausted,
58:25
catastrophically exhausted,
58:25
catastrophically exhausted, >> they'll just keep going until they drop.
58:27
>> they'll just keep going until they drop.
58:27
>> they'll just keep going until they drop. >> Yes. And as we detailed earlier, extreme
58:29
>> Yes. And as we detailed earlier, extreme
58:30
>> Yes. And as we detailed earlier, extreme physical exhaustion is the number one
58:31
physical exhaustion is the number one
58:31
physical exhaustion is the number one thing that overrides the protective
58:33
thing that overrides the protective
58:33
thing that overrides the protective diving reflex and causes a drowning
58:35
diving reflex and causes a drowning
58:35
diving reflex and causes a drowning event. Keep the fetch session short.
58:37
event. Keep the fetch session short.
58:37
event. Keep the fetch session short. Keep the throws closer to the shore
58:39
Keep the throws closer to the shore
58:39
Keep the throws closer to the shore where they can touch the bottom and
58:41
where they can touch the bottom and
58:41
where they can touch the bottom and rigorously enforce mandatory rest
58:43
rigorously enforce mandatory rest
58:43
rigorously enforce mandatory rest periods on dry land where the dog can
58:45
periods on dry land where the dog can
58:45
periods on dry land where the dog can fully catch their breath and clear their
58:47
fully catch their breath and clear their
58:47
fully catch their breath and clear their airway.
58:48
airway.
58:48
airway. >> So, to recap the vet advice, watch the
58:50
>> So, to recap the vet advice, watch the
58:50
>> So, to recap the vet advice, watch the clock and enforce the 12-second rule,
58:53
clock and enforce the 12-second rule,
58:53
clock and enforce the 12-second rule, physically train the exit route, and
58:55
physically train the exit route, and
58:55
physically train the exit route, and enforce mandatory rest breaks to prevent
58:57
enforce mandatory rest breaks to prevent
58:57
enforce mandatory rest breaks to prevent exhaustion. It really all comes down to
58:59
exhaustion. It really all comes down to
58:59
exhaustion. It really all comes down to being a highly proactive, observant
59:01
being a highly proactive, observant
59:01
being a highly proactive, observant owner. Understanding the incredible
59:03
owner. Understanding the incredible
59:03
owner. Understanding the incredible mechanics of the canine body, but also
59:05
mechanics of the canine body, but also
59:05
mechanics of the canine body, but also respecting its absolute unforgiving
59:07
respecting its absolute unforgiving
59:07
respecting its absolute unforgiving limits is honestly the ultimate form of
59:09
limits is honestly the ultimate form of
59:09
limits is honestly the ultimate form of love and protection we can offer them.
59:10
love and protection we can offer them.
59:10
love and protection we can offer them. >> It truly is. Biological knowledge is
59:13
>> It truly is. Biological knowledge is
59:13
>> It truly is. Biological knowledge is what prevents these entirely avoidable
59:14
what prevents these entirely avoidable
59:14
what prevents these entirely avoidable tragedies. We absolutely want our dogs
59:17
tragedies. We absolutely want our dogs
59:17
tragedies. We absolutely want our dogs to enjoy the water and get that
59:18
to enjoy the water and get that
59:18
to enjoy the water and get that fantastic exercise, but we have to
59:20
fantastic exercise, but we have to
59:20
fantastic exercise, but we have to respect the physiological reality of
59:22
respect the physiological reality of
59:22
respect the physiological reality of what is happening inside their bodies
59:24
what is happening inside their bodies
59:24
what is happening inside their bodies the moment they go under.
59:25
the moment they go under.
59:25
the moment they go under. >> Absolutely. Well, as we wrap up this
59:27
>> Absolutely. Well, as we wrap up this
59:27
>> Absolutely. Well, as we wrap up this deep dive into the canine airway, I want
59:29
deep dive into the canine airway, I want
59:29
deep dive into the canine airway, I want to leave you, our listener, with
59:31
to leave you, our listener, with
59:31
to leave you, our listener, with something profound to chew on.
59:34
something profound to chew on.
59:34
something profound to chew on. >> You've guided us through the anatomy of
59:36
>> You've guided us through the anatomy of
59:36
>> You've guided us through the anatomy of the snout, the complex neurology of the
59:38
the snout, the complex neurology of the
59:38
the snout, the complex neurology of the brain stem, the bizarre chemistry of
59:41
brain stem, the bizarre chemistry of
59:41
brain stem, the bizarre chemistry of liquid breathing. What is a final
59:43
liquid breathing. What is a final
59:43
liquid breathing. What is a final thought or perspective you can leave us
59:44
thought or perspective you can leave us
59:44
thought or perspective you can leave us with today?
59:45
with today?
59:45
with today? >> If we take a step back and connect
59:47
>> If we take a step back and connect
59:47
>> If we take a step back and connect everything we have discussed today to
59:49
everything we have discussed today to
59:49
everything we have discussed today to the much bigger, grander picture, I want
59:51
the much bigger, grander picture, I want
59:51
the much bigger, grander picture, I want you to consider the evolutionary
59:53
you to consider the evolutionary
59:53
you to consider the evolutionary implications for a moment. We have spent
59:55
implications for a moment. We have spent
59:55
implications for a moment. We have spent this entire time marveling at the
59:57
this entire time marveling at the
59:57
this entire time marveling at the incredible mechanics of the mlian diving
59:59
incredible mechanics of the mlian diving
59:59
incredible mechanics of the mlian diving reflex, the instant heart rate drop, the
1:00:01
reflex, the instant heart rate drop, the
1:00:01
reflex, the instant heart rate drop, the violent vocal cord spasms, the intricate
1:00:03
violent vocal cord spasms, the intricate
1:00:03
violent vocal cord spasms, the intricate neural pathways firing in milliseconds.
1:00:05
neural pathways firing in milliseconds.
1:00:06
neural pathways firing in milliseconds. >> The soap's perfectly timed.
1:00:07
>> The soap's perfectly timed.
1:00:07
>> The soap's perfectly timed. >> It is. But ask yourself this, why do
1:00:11
>> It is. But ask yourself this, why do
1:00:11
>> It is. But ask yourself this, why do completely terrestrial animals,
1:00:13
completely terrestrial animals,
1:00:13
completely terrestrial animals, creatures that have walked exclusively
1:00:15
creatures that have walked exclusively
1:00:15
creatures that have walked exclusively on land and evolved alongside humans in
1:00:17
on land and evolved alongside humans in
1:00:17
on land and evolved alongside humans in forests and plains for thousands and
1:00:19
forests and plains for thousands and
1:00:19
forests and plains for thousands and thousands of years, still possess such
1:00:22
thousands of years, still possess such
1:00:22
thousands of years, still possess such an intricate, highly adapted, flawless
1:00:24
an intricate, highly adapted, flawless
1:00:24
an intricate, highly adapted, flawless mechanism for surviving sudden
1:00:26
mechanism for surviving sudden
1:00:26
mechanism for surviving sudden underwater submersion?
1:00:27
underwater submersion?
1:00:27
underwater submersion? >> It is kind of a mystery when you phrase
1:00:28
>> It is kind of a mystery when you phrase
1:00:28
>> It is kind of a mystery when you phrase it like that. The fact that a modern
1:00:30
it like that. The fact that a modern
1:00:30
it like that. The fact that a modern golden retriever sleeping on a dog bed
1:00:32
golden retriever sleeping on a dog bed
1:00:32
golden retriever sleeping on a dog bed in an apartment has a hardwired
1:00:34
in an apartment has a hardwired
1:00:34
in an apartment has a hardwired physiological panic protocol perfectly
1:00:37
physiological panic protocol perfectly
1:00:37
physiological panic protocol perfectly designed for deep water survival is
1:00:39
designed for deep water survival is
1:00:39
designed for deep water survival is simply astonishing. Our our deep
1:00:41
simply astonishing. Our our deep
1:00:41
simply astonishing. Our our deep evolutionary ancestors, those ancient
1:00:44
evolutionary ancestors, those ancient
1:00:44
evolutionary ancestors, those ancient marine mammals that first crawled out of
1:00:46
marine mammals that first crawled out of
1:00:46
marine mammals that first crawled out of the primordial oceans millions of years
1:00:47
the primordial oceans millions of years
1:00:47
the primordial oceans millions of years ago, still echoing through the biology
1:00:50
ago, still echoing through the biology
1:00:50
ago, still echoing through the biology of our dogs every single time they dive
1:00:51
of our dogs every single time they dive
1:00:52
of our dogs every single time they dive into a swimming pool for a tennis ball.
1:00:53
into a swimming pool for a tennis ball.
1:00:54
into a swimming pool for a tennis ball. >> Wow. It is a profound, beautiful
1:00:56
>> Wow. It is a profound, beautiful
1:00:56
>> Wow. It is a profound, beautiful reminder that ancient history is written
1:00:57
reminder that ancient history is written
1:00:58
reminder that ancient history is written right into the very DNA of our best
1:01:00
right into the very DNA of our best
1:01:00
right into the very DNA of our best friends.
1:01:00
friends.
1:01:00
friends. >> That is a beautiful, staggering, and
1:01:02
>> That is a beautiful, staggering, and
1:01:02
>> That is a beautiful, staggering, and slightly haunting thought to end on.
1:01:05
slightly haunting thought to end on.
1:01:05
slightly haunting thought to end on. Thank you for listening, dear Brigaders.
1:01:06
Thank you for listening, dear Brigaders.
1:01:06
Thank you for listening, dear Brigaders. And if you have any questions, visit the
1:01:08
And if you have any questions, visit the
1:01:08
And if you have any questions, visit the source article on Dogazilla magazine at
1:01:10
source article on Dogazilla magazine at
1:01:10
source article on Dogazilla magazine at dogazilla.com.
1:01:11
dogazilla.com.
1:01:11
dogazilla.com. That was all for this episode. And until
1:01:13
That was all for this episode. And until
1:01:14
That was all for this episode. And until the next time, bite all listeners of the
1:01:16
the next time, bite all listeners of the
1:01:16
the next time, bite all listeners of the Bark Brigade