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king Ledwig II of Bavaria often
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remembered as the Mad King ruled from
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until his mysterious death in 1886 his
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reign was marked by opulence
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eccentricity and a passion for beauty
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that seemed to outweigh his interest in
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governing despite his lavish tastes and
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reclusive tendencies Lwig was deeply
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loved by his people many of whom saw him
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not as mad but as misunderstood yet the
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very traits that endeared him to the
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public placed him at odds with his
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advisor sand ultimately cost him his
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throne and perhaps his life lewig's
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upbringing was one of extreme contrast
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born on the 25th of August 1,845
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in Nymphenberg Palace he was the eldest
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son of King Maxmillian II and Queen
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Marie of Prussia as crowned prince
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Ludvig was groomed from an early age to
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assume the throne his education was
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rigorous his days structured and filled
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with lessons in politics military
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tactics languages and statecraft but
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beneath the formal training Ludvig was a
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sensitive and imaginative boy who
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gravitated toward literature music and
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mythology he idolized the German
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composer Richard Vagner from a young age
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and immersed himself in the romantic
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tales of Parcel and Loenrren despite
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this royal education Lewig never
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displayed the traits his tutors and
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statesmen deemed essential for a strong
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ruler he was introverted dreamy and
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obsessed with fantasy practical politics
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bored him confrontation repelled him yet
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in spite of their concerns Lvig's
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destiny was sealed when his father died
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unexpectedly in 1864 the 18-year-old
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prince was thrust into the role of king
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with little preparation and no real
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desire to rule one of Ludvig's first
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acts as king was to summon his idol
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Richard Vagner to Munich he saw Vagner
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not only as a genius composer but as a
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spiritual guide the two men quickly
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formed a deep and intense friendship
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that sparked rumors from the start
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vagner was in his 50s charismatic and
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flamboyant while Lwig was a shy poetic
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youth their letters to one another were
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flid and emotional speaking of destiny
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and soul connections though Vagner was
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married and maintained other
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relationships the nature of his bond
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with Lwig remains a matter of
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speculation what is undeniable is Lwig's
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unwavering devotion ludwig financed
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Wagner's work with staggering generosity
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he paid off the composer's debts funded
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his operas and even built a special
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theater in Broy for the performance of
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Vagner's epic music dramas but this
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favoritism did not sit well with Lewig's
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ministers they resented Vagner's
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influence over the king and feared that
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Bavaria's reputation and finances were
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being sacrificed for artistic indulgence
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eventually they pressured Ludwig to send
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Vagner away a bitter blow to the king's
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heart still Ludwig's romantic
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imagination could not be subdued over
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the years he began pouring more and more
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of the royal treasury into a series of
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ambitious architectural projects these
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weren't just palaces they were dreams
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made of stone novonstein Castle perhaps
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his most famous creation was inspired by
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German legends and Vagarian motifs it
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perched high on a rugged hilltop its
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towers and turrets seemingly pulled from
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a fairy tale it was never intended as a
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place for governance it was a refuge a
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fantasy realm built by a king who longed
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to escape the burdens of the real world
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linderhof Palace and Herimzy followed
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each more elaborate than the last
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linderhof was modeled after Versailles
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complete with gold leaf mirrored halls
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and manicured gardens herium built on an
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island was Ludvig's homage to the
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grandeur of Louis the 14th but while
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Versailles had been a seat of power
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Ludvig's version was empty of courters
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and political purpose it was art for
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art's sake with each passing year Ludwig
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became more withdrawn more consumed by
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his visions he avoided public
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appearances and held court at night he
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wrote long passionate letters to many
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admired he preferred the company of
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artists and dreamers to ministers and
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military men and as his debts ballooned
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the whispers of madness grew louder by
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the early 1880s Lwig's reign was
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spiraling his building projects had
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plunged Bavaria into financial crisis
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the government was effectively running
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without him as he refused to attend
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meetings or sign documents unless they
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concerned the arts his ministers
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desperate to protect the monarchy from
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collapse plotted a radical solution they
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would have the king declared insane and
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remove him from power to accomplish this
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they enlisted the help of Dr bernhard
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van a renowned psychiatrist vanguden
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never once examined Lewig in person
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instead he based his diagnosis on
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statements from disgruntled servants and
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court officials in June 1,886
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armed with this controversial
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declaration the conspirators made their
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move ludwig was arrested and brought to
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Berg Castle under heavy guard the nation
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was stunned though unconventional Ludwig
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had never harmed his people he had not
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waged war imposed tyranny or enacted
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cruel laws his only crime many believed
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was dreaming too vividly to the Bavarian
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people his ousting felt like a betrayal
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they mourned the fall of their fairy
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tale king then just 2 days later tragedy
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struck on the 13th of June 1,886
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Ledwig went for a walk along Lake
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Starberg with Dr von Gooden they were
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never seen alive again that evening
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their bodies were discovered in the
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shallow waters of the lake the official
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report claimed Lewig had drowned
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possibly after killing the doctor in a
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fit of insanity but the evidence didn't
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add up lewig had no water in his lungs
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van Gooden's body bore signs of a
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struggle some witnesses reported hearing
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cries near the lake no one knows what
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truly happened speculation has never
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ceased some believe Lewig tried to
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escape and was killed by guards others
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suspect political assassination perhaps
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his removal was never meant to end with
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exile there are even theories that Lwig
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faked his death and fled living in
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secrecy under a false name while none of
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these accounts have been confirmed they
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add to the legend in the years since his
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death Ludvig's image has undergone a
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transformation no longer dismissed as a
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mad recluse he is celebrated as a
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visionary his castles draw millions of
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visitors each year novanstein in
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particular has become an icon
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immortalized by Disney admired by
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architects and cherished by romantics it
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is a monument not only to Ludwig's
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aesthetic genius but to the idea that
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beauty has value even when it defies
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practicality historians still debate
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Lwig's mental health was he
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schizophrenic bipolar or simply
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introverted queer and too sensitive for
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the brutal political landscape of 19th
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century Europe he lived in a time when
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deviation from the norm especially in
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royalty was dangerous his failure to
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conform made him vulnerable his need for
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beauty made him suspect but perhaps the
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truth is simpler ludwig was a king who
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longed to be an artist he ruled a
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kingdom but he belonged in a world of
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myth and music his castles were not
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palaces of power but temples of the soul
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his life was a contradiction public yet
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private powerful yet powerless in the
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end Lwig's story is not just one of
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mystery or madness it is a tragedy a
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tale of a man born into a role he never
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chose who tried to reshape reality to
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match his dreamand paid the ultimate
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price for it today he is no longer Mad
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King Lewig he is the swan king the dream
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king the monarch who built heaven on
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earth even if he could not live in it
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his life once mocked is now revered and
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in the soaring spires of Noinstein his
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spirit still lingers forever dreaming