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hey there fellows have you ever thought
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about why those skyscrapers don't just
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topple over like really isn't that amuse
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you or well how those bridges spanning
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enormous kind of like River manage to
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stay afloat without any hitch yeah and
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hey why do some buildings are made with
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a wood While others go all in with seal
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and stuff like glass pretty simple right
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well it's all about the way they're put
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together really now let me ask how do
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those genius Minds designing things
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figure out which materials to use or
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maybe like how tall a building can
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stretch or where's the perfect spot to
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plop down a ridge that's what the magic
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of engineering is for you landies
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Engineers real Wizards I mean real
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Wizards design all sorts of stuff from
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buildings and dams to airplanes cars and
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you can go old like really big chairs
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and bicycle frames they've got one main
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mission and what that is yes make things
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so that they can handle the weight and
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push back against forces trying to tear
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them apart simple and straight so let's
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chat about forces for me a force is like
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the muscle needed to push or pull an
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object around I know that's not kind of
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definition you read a text but hey
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that's the actual thing now Engineers
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dive into the nitt gritt they're all
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about the loow or external forces acting
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on a structure it's like an inside out
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tug of war external forces try to shake
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things up but internal stresses those
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inner forces resist and keep everything
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glued together so there are five pretty
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cool types of loads Engineers play it
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with and that is tension compression
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Shear bending and torsion so in our
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today's video we'll break down the
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forces acting on structures the pretty
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Basics tension two pulling opposing
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forces that stretch an object trying to
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pull it apart for example pulling on a
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rope a car towing another car with a
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chain the rope and the chain are
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intention or are being subjected to a
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load compression to pushing opposing
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forces that squeeze an object trying to
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compress it for example standing on a
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soda can squeezing a piece of wood in
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aice both the can and the wood are in
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compression or are are being subjected
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to a compressive load sheer two pushing
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or pulling adjacent forces acting close
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together but not directly opposing each
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other a shearing blood Cuts or rips an
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object by sliding its molecules apart
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sideways for example proving Shooters
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cutting through a branch paper cutter
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cutting paper the branch and paper are
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subjected to a sheer loading another
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example pulling on two pieces of wood
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that have been glued together the blue
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joint is being subjected to a sheer
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loading a moment of a force
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understanding a moment of a force is key
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to understanding the last two types of
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loads a moment is a turning Force caused
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by a force acting on an object at some
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distance from a fixed Point consider the
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diving board sketch the heavier the
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person force and the farther they walk
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out on the board distance the greater
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the Turning Force which acts on the
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concrete foundation fix point the
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stronger the force and the greater the
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distance at which it acts the larger the
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moment or turning force it will produce
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a moment or turning Force m is
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calculated by multiplying a force F by
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its moment alarm D the moment alarm is
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the distance at which the force is
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applied taken from the fix Point bending
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when a moment or turning force is
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applied to a structural membran that is
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fixed on both ends such as a pole beam
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making it deflect or bend a moment that
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causes bending is called a bending
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moment bending produces tension and
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compression inside a beam or a pole
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causing it to smile the molecules on the
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top of the smile get squeezed together
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while the molecules on the bottom of the
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smile get stretched out a beam or pole
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in bending will fail in tension break on
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the side that is being pulled apart for
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example a shelf in a bookcase and the
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earlier diving board scenario torsion
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twisting created when a moment or
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turning force is applied to a structural
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member or piece of material making it
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deflect at an angle twist a moment that
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causes twisting is called a twisting or
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torsional moment torsion produces sheer
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stresses inside the material a beam in
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torsion will fail and Shear the twisting
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action causes the molecules to be slid
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apart sideways for example a pole with a
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sign hanging off one side understanding
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the moment of a force which is a turning
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Force caused by a force acting at a
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distance from a fixed point is essential
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for comprehending bending and torsion
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the strength of the force and the
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distance at which it acts determine the
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magnitude of the moment or turning force
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in essence Engineers navigate the
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intricate world of forces loads and
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moments to craft structures that stand
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tall endure and serve their intended
