Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Animated Comparison

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procarotes versus ukarotes key
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differences all living organisms are
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classified into two categories proariots
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and ukareotes procaryiots include
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bacteria and archa while ukareotes
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include animals plants fungi and
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protests procariots lack a nucleus and
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other membranebound organels their DNA
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is bundled in a nucleid region ukarotes
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possess a nucleus and membrane bound
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organels such as mitochondria and the
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endopplasmic
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reticulum ukarotic cells are generally
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larger ranging from 10 to 100
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micrometers while proarotic cells are
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smaller typically 0.1 to 5
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microme ukarotic DNA consists of
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multiple molecules of doublestranded
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linear DNA while procaryots usually have
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doublestranded circular DNA
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ribosomes are present in both cell types
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but ukareotic ribosomes at 80s are
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larger and more complex than proarotic
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ribosomes which are
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70s most proarotic cells have a rigid
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cell wall made of peptidoglycin in
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ukareotes plants have cell walls made of
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cellulose while vertebrates lack cell
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walls
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entirely procaryots divide through
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binary fision a simpler process where
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the cell elongates and splits in two
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ukariats undergo mitosis a more complex
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process involving chromosome
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condensation and alignment before cell
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division recent research is reshaping
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our understanding of procariats and
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ukariots challenging long-held
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beliefs a 2024 study from the University
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of Gina revealed that certain proaryotic
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bacteria called planktoise can consume
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other cells this challenges the
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long-held belief that only ukarots can
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perform endocytosis the process of
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consuming external
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material organisms known as Asgard archa
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appear to be evolutionarily intermediate
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between proaryotes and ukarotes a
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protein similar to ukarotic tubulin has
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been identified in an asgard species
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suggesting they may represent an
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important step in evolution
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studies indicate that ukareotic
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organisms contain genes of proaryotic
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origin more often than previously
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thought this suggests that gene transfer
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between procariats and ukareots occurs
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more frequently than initially
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believed the oldest confirmed evidence
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of ukariats is now microossils
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approximately 1.5 billion years old this
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disproves earlier evidence suggesting
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they originated 2.5 to 2.8 8 billion
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years ago significantly revising our
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understanding of evolutionary
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timelines these discoveries highlight
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ongoing research into proaryotic
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evolution and cell structure driven by
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genomic analyses revealing their
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adaptability future studies may further
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refine our understanding of endo
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symbiosis and the origins of ukareotic
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organels potentially reshaping our view
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of cellular evolution

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Animated Comparison

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Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Animated Comparison

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