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they say that after midnight on the
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boulevards of Harlem the concrete
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breathes street lamps sputter like tired
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stars and a faint saxophone drifts from
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a basement that was never listed on any
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tourist map somewhere in that halflight
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dice rattle on a trash can lid a man in
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a flatbrim hat lowers his voice and a
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woman with eyes of steel counts coins
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faster than any adding machine the
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official ledgers of New York City are
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silent about what happens next yet the
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pavement remembers every footstep stick
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around long enough and you'll hear the
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ghosts argue about who really ran this
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town names whispered like forbidden
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spells st claire Bumpy Dutch Lucas
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Barnes these are not stories taught in
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civics's class they're rumors scribbled
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in the margins of America's past rumors
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so potent they kept entire precincts
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awake at night tonight we dig beneath
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the headlines beneath the sanitized
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textbooks beneath the century old
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prejudice that tried to will these
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legends out of existence
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we are here to chase the scent of money
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and power through back alleys and
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boardrooms through brothel and billiard
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clubs into prisons and pen houses
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because somewhere inside those tangled
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threads lies a revelation black
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gangsters didn't just break the rules of
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America's underworld they reddrafted
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them forcing even the Italian syndicates
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to read from a new script the tale we
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tell is part tragedy part triumph and
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unapologetic so pour a stiff drink dim
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the lights and promise yourself one
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thing no matter what you thought you
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knew about organized crime be ready to
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unlearn it welcome to Black Gangster
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History the secrets that rewrote the
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mafia code independently produced
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entirely unsponsored fueled only by
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curiosity and a stubborn commitment to
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truth you made this possible let's begin
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1921 brownstones freshly painted yet
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decaying from within rent parties
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throbbing with piano gissandi cotton
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club dancers twirling feathers under a
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fog of cigarette smoke jim Crow might
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end at 110th Street on paper but in
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practice racism wraps the neighborhood
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like barbed wire jobs are scarce banks
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refuse loans insurance agents laugh
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black families out the door into that
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void grow alternative economies some
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harmless some deadly most of them
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invisible to city hall the biggest
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earner among them is policy a street
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lottery whose rules are simple pick
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three numbers hand a dime to the runner
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cross your fingers if your combo matches
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the number posted next day in the papers
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you could bring home a week's salary to
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outsiders it looks like petty gambling
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to Harlemmites it is a communal treasury
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a bootstrap fund for rent medical bills
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even church repairs by
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1922 coins dropped into policy pots
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approach a million dollars a month real
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money in any era naturally real
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predators circle stephanie Sinclair sees
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them coming long before they appear born
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in Guadaloop smuggled through Marseilles
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fluent in French English Creole and the
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language of survival st clare lands in
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New York with nothing but the fire in
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her gut within 5 years she owns eight
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apartment buildings three shoe shine
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stands and the most sophisticated policy
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operation uptown she hires black war
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veterans as enforcers pays school
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teachers to check the books and stores
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profit in tin boxes under grocery
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shelves so the cops can't confiscate a
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thing when the 32nd precinct captain
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comes sniffing for a payoff she
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publishes an open letter in the
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Amsterdam news i do not bribe to exist i
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exist therefore you will have to bribe
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history to erase me no one had ever
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talked to the NYPD like that and lived
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stephanie not only lives she thrives
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soon clearing nearly 200 grand a year
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equivalent to over 3 million today but
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numbers alone can't defend
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territory enter Ellsworth Bumpy Johnson
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a chess playing hustler from Charleston
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who reads Dosstofski between dice games
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he earns the nickname from a bump on the
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back of his head courtesy of a childhood
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medical mishap and wears it like a crown
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of thorns bumpy respects St clare's
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brains she respects his muscle and
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together they become Harlem's royal
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court her strategy his enforcement
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bumpy's first task is to neutralize the
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so-called Purple Detective Agency a gang
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of crooked cops moonlighting as
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extortionists he does so not with
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gunfire though that remains an option
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but by leaking their payroll to a
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senator hungry for reform headlines
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one week later the Purple Boys are
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reassigned to Staten Island traffic duty
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harlem applauds down in Midtown Dutch
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Schultz growls over his stake a former
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beer baron reduced to bootlegging jin
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and hijacking trucks dutch hears tales
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of easy policy money and decides Harlem
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is ripe for plunder he bribes judges
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bullies union bosses and finally sends
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30 armed goons north of 125th Street to
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negotiate the goons leave carrying
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broken noses and an unmistakable message
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turn around dutch insulted escalates he
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tortes storefronts kidnaps runners and
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even tries to bomb St clare's townhouse
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using dynamite stolen from a
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construction site she survives by
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napping in her bathtub a habit she
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learned during childhood hurricanes a
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fact that will later feel like divine
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intervention time for chess Bumpy
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decides he meets Dutch's consilier in a
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Little Italy pool hall wearing his
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Sunday suit and an expression carved
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from granite in measured tones he
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explains that Harlem's internal law is
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older than Schultz's birth certificate
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that bullets will be answered with
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burying grounds and most chilling of all
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that Bumpy has memorized the daily roots
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of Schulz's wife and children the
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consiliary relays the message dutch
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laughs it off right up to the evening
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his personal safe explodes in his face
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courtesy of a nitroglycerin vial slipped
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between stacks of cash dutch survives
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but three fingers are lost to history
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the pyrochnics draw public outrage
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forcing Mayor Fierella Laguadia to act
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sinclair seizes the moment she smuggles
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a letter into city hall so eloquent so
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damning that Laguadia cannot ignore it
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without ruining his reformist brand
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within 48 hours the NYPD swarms
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Schultz's gin warehouses under the guise
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of a tax raid 12 arrests eight seized
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trucks and one humiliated Dutch later
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Harlem sovereignty is unofficially
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recognized bumpy and St declare toast
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with prohibition grade champagne but
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they both know victory is temporary laws
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change greed is eternal fast forward to
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1965 jazz has mutated into funk the
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civil rights movement is both triumphant
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and bleeding and across the Pacific a
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jungle war is churning out body bags by
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the hour frank Lucas an ex-drive driver
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for Bumpy attends his mentor's funeral
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at Union Baptist Church standing amid
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floral wreaths Lucas decides two things
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the throne of Harlem is vacant and
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America's next addiction isn't numbers
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or booze it's heroin lucas travels to
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Bangkok posing as an army sergeant there
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he befriends a local smuggler nicknamed
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Cadillac Cow and strikes a devil's
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bargain 98% pure heroin at wholesale
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prices hidden in false bottoms of
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furniture shipped to New York the
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operation works but shipping is slow so
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Lucas improves on it with an idea as
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cold as a morg slab fill military
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caskets with kilos seal them beneath
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false soldier remains and piggyback on
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US Air Force transport planes he calls
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the product Blue Magic brands it in blue
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waxed paper and undercuts every Italian
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wholesaler in the five burrows over the
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next four years Lucas pulls in a million
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a day he buys a mink coat for his wife
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so indulgent its sleeves drag on the
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sidewalk the coat will later betray him
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but that's another scene while Lucas
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corner supply Leroy Nikki Barnes
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corner's image raised in an abusive
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household tempered by juvenile detention
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Barnes graduates to street legend by the
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time he turns 28 he renames himself Mr
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untouchable after a judge dismisses his
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narcotics case on a procedural slip
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Barnes wears tailored Gucci imports
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champagne by the crateful and hires two
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dozen lawyers on permanent retainer
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unlike Lucas Barnes believes visibility
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equals invincibility he forms the
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council a cooperative of seven Harlem
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dealers who meet monthly to set prices
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allocate corners and mediate turf
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disputes essentially a corporate
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boardroom in bell bottoms their
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handshake oath never testify never talk
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never betray for a while it works the
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council's profits finance community
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cookouts college scholarships and
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midnight basketball blurring lines
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between villain and patronage yet hubris
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is a thirsty beast on June 5th
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1977 Barnes poses for the cover of Time
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magazine arms folded grin unchecked
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under the headline Mr
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untouchable across town a newly minted
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DEA task force studies the cover like a
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battleground map among them is Detective
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Richie Roberts a white New Jersey cop
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whose moral compass spins unlike any
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partners he turned in a million dollars
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of unmarked drug cash because he says
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"It wasn't mine." Lucas mistakes
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Roberts's honesty for naivity barnes
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misreads it as bluff both men will pay
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richard Nixon's war on drugs declares
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narcotics public enemy number one yet
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Harlem residents know the real enemy
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wears two faces addiction and neglect
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methadone clinics pop up on corners once
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reserved for shoe shines school
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attendance plummets funerals become
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neighborhood reunions lucas's blue magic
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though purer than anything on the street
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is cut by mid-level dealers with baby
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laxative to maximize weight overdoses
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spike mothers weep the same community
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that once saw Lucas as a Robin Hood now
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views him as plague carrier richie
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Roberts conducts surveillance from a
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battered Chevy eating stale donuts while
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recording license plates outside Lucas's
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uptown mansion one night Roberts watches
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Lucas hand a fur draped envelope to a
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crooked NYPD detective the detective
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enters a nightclub bathroom emerges
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lighter and drives away humming
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Soninatra roberts has what he needs
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proof that Lucas bribes law enforcement
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the arrest warrant follows culminating
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in a Thanksgiving morning raid swat
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crashes through Lucas's glass doors
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sending shards across Persian rugs lucas
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is handcuffed midway through carving a
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turkey large enough to feed a battalion
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his gold watch reads 8:46 a.m by 10 he's
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in a holding cell staring at walls the
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same color as Bangkok sand meanwhile
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Nikki Barnes grows paranoid council
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meetings devolve into shouting matches
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over missed payments and side deals when
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Barnes learns that one member slept with
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his mistress the self-styled CEO orders
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a hit violating his own code the council
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fractures like rotted timber within
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months federal prosecutors indict Barnes
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on the strength of wire taps ledgers and
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the testimonies of disgruntled left
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tenants facing life without parole
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Barnes calculates the odds and arrives
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at a chilling conclusion the only
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currency left is betrayal he volunteers
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to become a cooperating witness provides
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diagrams of council stash houses
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identifies corrupt cops and even fingers
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his ex-wife's new boyfriend in one
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marathon session he names 109
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accompllices harlem reels the streets
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rename him Mr untouchable no more now he
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is simply Mr unthinkable lucas 2 flips
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but with conditions he agrees to expose
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crooked lawmen on the understanding that
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his family enters witness protection
14:37
roberts true to his word
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delivers 33 NYPD officers are indicted
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two commits suicide before trial lucas
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receives a sentence reduction and spends
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his downtime teaching GED classes behind
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bars he will walk free in 1991
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philosophical all that money man it was
15:04
just rented congress rattled by the
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optics of blackrun heroin syndicates
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passes the RICO statute allowing
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prosecutors to treat loosely affiliated
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dealers as one criminal
15:17
enterprise suddenly possessing your
15:19
brother-in-law's phone number is enough
15:22
to sink you under a conspiracy charge
15:24
whole blocks vanish into penitentiies
15:28
mothers raise children on welfare checks
15:30
and absentee fathers become a
15:32
statistical cliche yet something
15:35
unexpected germinates in that vacuum hip
15:38
hop djs splice drum breaks from James
15:42
Brown mc's lace rhymes with cautionary
15:45
tales and young listeners memorize
15:48
verses about Bumpy Frank and Nikki the
15:51
way earlier generations recited baseball
15:53
stats the gangster becomes anti-hero the
15:57
hustler becomes folk philosopher fashion
16:01
follows mink coats reappear on runways
16:05
oversized sunglasses emulate barns while
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filmmakers greenlight movies like
16:11
American gangster packaging real pain
16:14
into box office gold political scholars
16:17
coin the term gray market iconography
16:21
the idea that communities will
16:23
mythologize outlaws when mainstream
16:25
history refuses to grant them legitimate
16:29
heroes so what did we witness tonight a
16:33
ledger of crimes certainly a chronicle
16:36
of cruelty without question but also a
16:39
syllabus of resistance proof that even
16:42
within oppression agency blooms
16:45
sometimes in twisted forms stephanie
16:48
Sinclair defied police extortion bumpy
16:51
Johnson negotiated peace by threatening
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war smarter than anyone before him frank
16:58
Lucas hacked the global supply chain
17:01
decades before Amazon nikki Barnes
17:04
understood brand marketing better than
17:06
Madison Avenue their methods were
17:09
illegal sometimes monstrous but their
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audacity forced America to confront its
17:15
own double standards who gets to profit
17:19
who gets punished and who writes the
17:21
final draft of history if truth is born
17:25
in darkness the decision to switch on a
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light belongs to us leave it dark and
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illuminate it and we might finally
17:36
separate legend from lesson if you found
17:40
value in this unfiltered dive into black
17:42
gangster history hit subscribe and let
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us know your take in the comments below
17:48
next time we cross the border to meet
17:51
the Latina cartel queens who bent entire
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empires to their will until then keep
17:58
your mind sharp and your conscience