Audiobook The art of thinking and understanding

It is worth recalling Jevons' words, which clearly summarize the essence of everything we have examined. Correct reasoning, in general terms, consists of mentally substituting one thing for another when there is a necessary resemblance between them and concluding that what is true with respect to one can also be true with respect to the others when they share the relevant characteristics. Conversely, flawed reasoning arises when we make such a substitution without sufficient similarity. In other words, the error lies in transferring a property, conclusion, or relationship from one thing to another that does not share the necessary characteristics to justify such a transfer.